Jatropha Cultivation

INTRODUCTIONJatropha plants in Indonesia can grow well because of the suitability of climate and soil, so that could grow equally as weeds. However, because the results from these plants can be processed into valuable economic products, the plant is now starting in the cultivated.PT. Natural Nusantara try to provide technical assistance cultivation of this plant so as to produce the desired line with expectations without abandoning the standards of quantity, quality, and environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
GROWTH CONDITIONSTerms of growing plants need water range 350-500 ml of water during its growth.Besides the factor of water, plant spacing requires temperature conditions 20 º -30 º C throughout their lives, as well as the optimal altitude is 000-800 m above sea level. The release of the seeds are greatly reduced or minimal if the temperature reaches 40 º C or more.
LAND PREPARATIONSelection of land to be used for cultivation of Jatropha is usually choose the less productive land or less irrigation, and this is usually in areas of marginal / critical, since Jatropha is not too requires special conditions, as well as other shrubs plants. Processing standard soil is making the planting hole with size 30 cm x 30cm x 30cm and a spacing between rows of 2-4 meters and the distance in rows 1-2 feet depending on the selected varieties. Preparation of land that can also do is clean of weed interference, especially the roots of weeds that produce residues / compound inhibiting growth of other plants.
NurseriesJatropha seeds can be planted 2-3 perlubang item directly on the land and then select the best plants for propagation growth. Maintenance is done by spraying the young plants with 2-3 doses NASA POC cap per tank once a week in the morning.
THE TYPES OF DISTANCEThere are many types of distance that can grow in our homeland, among others:A. Distance Kepyar / Japan (ricinus communis).This type of behavior in the world market known as the castor oil plant. This type of fruit once a year (season), with young fruit characteristics of green and brown after dark. Weak barbed fruit such as rambutan. The seeds contain a toxic glycoprotein and people often called Ricin.
B. Jatropha Curcas / China (Jatropha curcas)This type of fruit continuously (annual). This type is the recommended distance of planting, namely:- Asembagus 22: 55-57% oil content- Asembagus 60: 48-52% oil content- Asembagus 81: 51-54% oil content
The composition of castor seeds consist of 20% leather and 80% grain (meat), containing 40-60% oil. Crude oil content 32-48% and the rest is waste.
MAINTENANCEThe important note is that this distance has the properties of plants do not like water so that excess water (submerged) would be detrimental to plant growth, but if the heat lasts up to 3-4 months watering should occasionally be done to avoid deaths due to drought.Perform weeding if the plant began to fail either the top in the competitive growth of roots is the absorption of light and nutrients.
FertilizationFor good growth provided the basis of manure fertilizer in addition to inorganic fertilizer at planting time.
Type of FertilizerDosage (kg / ha)Fertilization timeUrea
50
When plantingSP-36
75
When plantingKCl
50
2 weeks after plantingUrea
100
1 month after planting
Note: does not apply absolute / varies for each - each region.
It would be better or POWER NUTRITION SUPERNASA plus a dose of 1 bottle to ± 200 plants. One bottle POWER NUTRITION SUPERNASA or diluted in 2 liters (2000 ml) of water used as mother liquor. Then for every 1 liter of water was given 10 ml of mother liquor was for watering perpohon.Spraying with NASA POC 3-4 doses cap + HORMONIK dose 1 cap per tank every 1 month is recommended to improve the quantity and quality.
PEST CONTROL DISEASEJatropha is actually rarely attacked by pests or diseases, but could be affected if the land is not clean or brush that could become temporary host for certain pests. Integrated pest management is to maintain the cleanliness of land is the easiest preventive measures carried out before pests become uncontrollable and harmful.Which sometimes attacks the plant pest is a kind of distance mealybugs. Jatropha grows wild so often mealybug hosts often make it temporary. To prevent use PESTONA and pentane + AERO 810 in turn.Mealybug addition, the distance may also be attacked by caterpillars that attack the leaves, which can be prevented by PESTONA and pentane + AERO 810 PESTONA Spray with pentane + AERO 810 and in turn to prevention, one week once sprayed evenly on top and below the leaf blade.As a precaution against diseases caused by fungi, preferably before the plant is spread a pack of Natural GLIO plus 25-30 kg and aged manure a week.
Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, as the last alternative could be to use chemical pesticides are recommended. For spraying is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by 810 AERO rainwater add a dose of 0.5 bottles per tank cap
THE HARVESTThe period of flowering occurs after about 60-70 days old plants and fruits began to mature plants can be harvested after approximately 100-110 days, which usually falls in the summer of August to October. The late harvest fruit will be bouncy and scattered so it is suggested should be completely harvested on time. Production that can be achieved approximately 1-3 tons / ha.
USE OF RESULTSIn Japan the castor oil lubricant oil processed into weapons that are reliable, because it is very thick, Weight type ± 0.96 and very difficult to dissolve, so easily distinguished from other oils. Most of the production is used as lubricating oil for machines that spin fast, one of the benefits of castor oil is that he does not drip, does not leave residual fuel and does not dissolve in gasoline; properties of great significance in aviation purposes and has given place permanent addition to mineral oils that have been urging him though fairly large power lubricantsDistance seed addition ricinus lipase enzyme which is rich in fats and oils can decipher into fatty acids and glycerin-free. Fatty acids can be used by a candle factory, and after neutralization with soda or potash (potassium), resulting in hard or soft soap.
In companies batik, castor oil also play a role in the coloration of cotton cloth that will be colored with noni. Even lately with the increase in fuel prices began planting a massive distance to an alternative fuel that is combined with critical land reforestation package so that it can have a positive for the economy and also the preservation of land in the entire archipelago.