Pepper Cultivation

I. INTRODUCTIONPepper plants, including plants herbs that has been developed in Indonesia. PT. Natural Nusantara attempt to help increase production in quantity, quality, while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS2.1. Climate- Rainfall 2000-3000 mm / yr.- Enough sunlight (10 hours a day).- 200C temperature - 34 0C.- Air humidity 50% - 100% relative moisture and optimum between 60% - 80% RH.- Shielded from the wind is too strong.
2.2. Growing Media- Lush and rich in organic matter- No stagnant or too dry- Soil pH 5.5 to 7.0- The color red to yellow red soil like Podsolic, Lateritic, Latosol and Utisol.- Content of soil humus as deep as 1 to 2.5 m.- Slope / maximum slope ± 300.- Elevation 300-1100 m above sea level.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING3.1. Nurseries- Guaranteed purity type seedlings- Derived from a healthy mother plant- Free from pests and diseases- Coming from a parent farm production that have been aged 10 months-3 years (2000 ± seedlings Needs seedlings per hectare)
3.2. Media Processing Planta. Hoe 1, 20-30 cm deep soil inversion.b. Sprinkle agricultural lime and let stand 3-4 weeks.
Dose of agricultural lime:- Sand and sandy clay: Soil pH 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 tons / ha; Soil pH 4.5 to 5.5 = 0.6 tons / ha; Soil pH to 6.5 = 0.9 tons / ha.- Clay: Soil pH 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 tons / ha; Soil pH 4.5 to 5.5 = 1.7 tonnes / ha; Soil pH to 6.5 = 0.9 tonnes / ha .- Clay Dust: Soil pH 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 tons / ha; Soil pH 4.5 to 5.5 = 2.6 tons / ha; Soil pH to 6.5 = 3.2 tons / ha.- Clay Clay: Soil pH 3.5 to 4.5 = 0.6 tons / ha; Soil pH 4.5 to 5.5 = 3.4 tons / ha; Soil pH to 6.5 = 4.2 tons / ha.c. Hoe 2, puree and smooth soil
3.3. Planting Technique- The system is monoculture planting (spacing of 2m x 2m). But it can also be planted with other crops.- Planting holes are made pyramid the size of 40 cm x 35 cm, under 40 cm x 15 cm and 50 cm depth.- Allow 10-15 days before planting hole seed is planted.- The planting should be the rainy season or dry season kemusim transition from rain, at 6:30 am or 16:30 to 18:00 pm.- How to planting: exposing the adhesive-covered root downwards, while the back (which is not overgrown with roots attached) facing upwards.- Sprinkle manure from 0.75 to 100 grams / plants that have been mixed NATURAL GLIO.- Close the planting hole with soil dug upper basic fertilizers that are mixed:- NPK 20 grams / plant- For less fertile soil is added 10 grams of urea, 7 grams of SP 36 and 5 grams of KCl per plant.- Immediately after closing, flushing SUPERNASA:- Alternative 1: 0.5 tablespoon / 5 lt of water per plant.- Alternative 2: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 2 liters (2000 ml) of water used as mother liquor. Then for every 1 liter of water was given 20 ml of mother liquor was for watering each tree.- Giving further SUPERNASA can be given every 3-4 months.
3.4. Plant Maintenance3.4.1. Binding of tendril ClimbingPrayed at climbing poles using ropes. Tie with twisted and folded up easily separated when the tendrils grow up and roots lekatnya already attached to the climbing poles.
3.4.2. Weeding and PembumbunanWeeding once every 2-3 months. Pembubunan performed in conjunction with the weeding.
3.4.4. PerempalanPerempalan or trimming done on:Stems, branches, twigs that are not productive, or attacked by pests and diseases.Shoots / stems, because they do not have a productive branchThe old trunk to rejuvenate the plant to be young again.3.4.5. Following FertilizationNASA POC Spraying (4-5 closed) or NASA POC (3-4 closed) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per tank every 3-4 weeks.Fertilizer macro given as follows:

Age (mo)	Fertilizer macro (g / plant)
	Urea	SP 36	KCl
3-4	35	15	20
4-5	35	20	25
5-6	35	25	30
6-17	35	30	35

3.4.6. Irrigation and WateringIn the dry season watering once a day in the afternoon. In the rainy season should not be flooded.
3.4.7. Giving MulchAge 3-5 months, give a natural mulch of leaves of annual plants or weeds.
3.4.8. Use of Tajar (Marking)We recommend using tajar die of wood. Tajar tapered base, the tip of a branch is made to place the pepper stem whose length has exceeded the high tajar. Tajar 2.5 to 3 m. long.
3.5. Pests and Diseases3.5.1. Pesta. Stem Borer Pests (Laphobaris Piperis)Characteristics: black, size 3-5 mm. Adult insects prefer to attack the flowers, shoots and young branches. Other consequences if Nimfanya (young insects) in the form of a caterpillar will menggerek stems and branches of plants. Control: branch cut stems; spraying PESTONA.
b. Hama interestFeature: The adults are black, wings like nets, there is a bulge on his back, body length 4.5 mm and a width of 3 mm. Symptoms: adult insects / nimfanya attack resulted in interest rates damaged and cause failure of fertilization, about 1 month life cycle. Control: spraying PESTONA, and may also be cutting the bunches of flowers.
c. Fruit pestsFeature: brownish-green insect, nimfanya not winged, colored nodes and four times for skin. Nimfanya adult insects attacking fruit or fruit so that the content is empty. Normal eggs were laid on the leaf surface or on fruit bunches, about 6 months of their life cycle. Control: destroy eggs on the surface of leaves, branches, and that is the fruit bunches. Use PESTONA.
3.5.2. Diseasea. Stem rot disease (BPP)Cause: The fungus Phytopthora palmivora Piperis Var. Symptoms: The initial attack is difficult to know. The part that started to develop at the base of the stem shows stripes blackish brown under the bark. The leaves change color fade (yellow). Prevention: planting of pepper foot rot disease resistance. Providing Natural Glio before and after planting.
b. JaundiceCause: The non-fulfillment of various agronomic requirements as well as fine worm attack (Nematoda) Radhophalus similis which might be associated with other nematodes such as Heterodera SP, M. incognita and Rotylenchus similis. Symptoms: attacking the roots of pepper plants, marked yellowing of pepper leaves, root hairs die, rot and black. How quickly symptoms of leaf yellowing and depending on the severity of the infection of plant fertility. Control: Delivery of manure, liming, fertilizing precise and balanced, giving Natural Glio before and after planting.
Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank. Spraying herbicides (for weeds) to be more effective and efficient in the mixed adhesive to Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
3.6. Harvest3.6.1. Characteristics and Harvest TimeThe first harvest was three years old or less. Characteristics: yellow stem changed somewhat and there has been a ripe fruit (yellow or red).3.6.2. How to HarvestPicking fruit from the bottom to the top of the fruit, the fruit stalk to break the existing joints diketiak limb.3.6.3. Harvest PeriodHarvest period according to the local climate, type of pepper grown and intensity of maintenance.