Tobacco Cultivation

INTRODUCTIONTobacco is a commodity pretty much cultivated by farmers. To obtain optimal yields of PT. Natural Nusantara trying to help increase production in quantity, quality and sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
GROWTH CONDITIONSTobacco plants, the average rainfall 2000 mm / year, suitable temperature between 21-32 degrees C, pH between 5-6. Loose soil, crumbs, easy to bind water, have good water and good air so as to improve drainage, altitude between 200-3000 m above sea level.
Nurseries- The number of seeds + 8-10 g / ha, depending on spacing.- Seeds of intact, no disease and no wrinkles- Media seedling = mixture of soil (50%) + mature manure mixed with Natural GLIO (50%). Dose of fertilizer for each square meter media seedling is 70 grams and 35 grams ZA DS and fill in polybag- Given the auspices of the nursery beds in the form of leaves, roof 1 m high and 60 cm East side West side.- The seeds soaked in NASA POC 5 cc per glass of warm water for 1-2 hours ago dikeringanginkan.- Kecambahkan on the tray / winnowing of straw or paper backed with cloth until slightly damp. Three days later the seedlings are roots showed marked with white spots. At this stage the new seeds can be planted.- Flush seedling medium to slightly wet or damp, put seeds in a hole as deep as 0.5 cm and thin soil cover.- Spray the NASA POC (2-3 cap / tank) during the breeding age of 30 and 45 days.- Seeds are able Transplanting into the garden when aged 35-55 days after sowing.
PLANTING MEDIA PROCESSING- Land disebari dose of 10-20 tons manure / ha and then plowed and left + 1 week- Create a bed width of 40 cm and 40 cm high. The distance between beds 90-100 cm in longitudinal direction between east and west.- Perform calcification if the acid soils- Flush SUPERNASA with dose: 10-15 bottles / ha- Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds.Alternative 2: every 1 gembor vol 10 lt given 1 tablespoon SUPER pressed NASA to flush + 10 meters of beds.Natural Spread GLIO 1-2 sachets mixed mature 25-50 kg of manure to the beds evenly
THE MAKING OF PLANTING HOLEIf desired, thin leaves and delicate, the spacing should be meeting, approximately 90 x 70 cm. Madura Tobacco is planted with a distance of 60 x 50 cm planting is done in two rows of plants every gulud. Type of tobacco folk / sliced ​​generally planted with a spacing of 90 x 90 cm and done one row crop plantings every gulud, and the distance between gulud 90 cm or 120 x 50 cm.
HOW TO PLANTINGDampen and tear polybags and seedlings buried neck deep rootsPlanting time in the morning or late afternoon.
StitchingStitching done 1-3 weeks after planting, poor seed removed and replaced with new seedlings of the same age.
WeedingWeeding can be done simultaneously with pembumbunan ie every 3 weeks.
Fertilization Dosage depends on soil types and varieties
Fertilization timeMacro Fertilizer dose (kg / ha)
Urea / ZASP - 36KCl
Currently Planted-300-
Age 7 HST300-150
Age 28 HST300-150
TOTAL600300300
Note: DAT = days after planting
NASA POC Spraying 4-5 doses cap / tank or better NASA POC (3-4 lid) mixed HORMONIK (1-2 cap) per tank every 1-2 weeks.
Irrigation and wateringIrrigation is given seven HST = 1-2 lt water / plant, ages 7-25 HST = 3-4 lt / plant, ages 25-30 HST = 4 lt / plant. At the age of 45 HST = 5 liters per plant every 3 days. At age 65 HST watering was stopped, except when the weather is very dry.
PruningTrim the leaves and flower buds armpit every 3 daysPrune when flowers bloom plant shoots with 3-4 leaves below the flowerPEST AND DISEASE CONTROL
PESTa. Armyworm (Spodoptera litura) Symptoms: in the form of irregular holes and white on the bite wound. Control: Prune and burn the nest eggs and caterpillars, inundation moment in the morning / afternoon, Natural spray VITURA
b. Silkworm Land (Agrotis ypsilon) Symptoms: leaf fell ill with holes, especially the young leaves that fall petiole. Control: Cut leaves the nest egg / caterpillar, inundation moment, spray PESTONA.
c. Shoot borer caterpillar (Heliothis sp.) Symptoms: leaf shoots of plants infected with holes and finished. Control: collected and destroyed eggs / worm, sanitation garden, spray PESTONA.
d. Nematodes (Meloydogyne sp.) Symptoms: the roots of plants to look round boils, plants stunted, wilt, leaf fall and eventually die. Control: Sanitation garden, giving GLIO early planting, PESTONA
e. Lice - alliance (Aphis Sp, Thrips sp, Bemisia sp.) Carriers of viral diseases. Control: predatory Koksinelid, Natural BVR.
f. Other Pests digger (Gryllus mitratus), crickets (Brachytrypes portentosus), orong-orong (Gryllotalpa Africana), geni ant (Solenopsis geminata), grasshopper sissy (Engytarus tenuis).
Disease
a. Charred stems (damping off) Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Symptoms: Infected plants stem will dry and brown to black as if burned. Control: remove and burn affected plants, beginning with Natural GLIO prevention.
b. Lanas Cause: Phytophora parasitica var. nicotinae. Symptoms: spots arise on gray leaf which will expand, on the trunk, fell ill will hang limp and then wither and die. Control: remove and burn infected plants, spray Natural GLIO.
c. * I leaf Cause: The fungus Cercospora nicotianae. Symptom: on the leaves have white round spots until brown, the leaves become brittle and easily attacked by tear. Control: seed disinfection, renggangkan spacing, intensive tillage, use clean water, fuel unloading and attacked plants, spray Natural GLIO.
d. Brown spots Cause: The fungus Alternaria longipes. Symptoms: brown spots arise, in addition to adult plant disease can also attack the plants in the nursery. The fungus also attacks stems and seeds. Control: remove and burn affected plants.
e. The cause blight: Sclerotium rolfsii bacteria. Symptoms: similar to lanas but decaying leaves, roots when examined shrouded by masses of fungi. Control: remove and burn infected plants, spray Natural GLIO.
f. Virus Diseases Cause: mosaic virus (Tobacco Mosaic Virus, (TVM), Crackers (Krul), Pseudomozaik, Marble, Mosaic ketimu (Cucumber Mosaic Virus). Symptoms: plant growth slows. Control: maintaining sanitation garden, plants infected with the pull and burned.
Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (½ cap) pertangki
HARVEST AND POST-harvestPicking the leaves of tobacco is good is if the leaves were quite old and has yellowish green kuningan.Untuk cigar tobacco group then leaves the polling both at the proper cooking / almost cook it on the mark with grayish color. As for the class of cigarettes at the appropriate level of maturity cook / cook once, if the market wants a smooth krosok done right then plucking ripe. Meanwhile, when the coarse plucking want krosok extended 5-10 days of appropriate maturity level cook.The leaves are picked from the bottom leaves upward. A good time for picking is in the evening / morning during a sunny day. Harvesting can be done 3-5 days later, with the number of leaves picked only once between 2-4 pieces of each plant. For each plant may be picking as many as 5 times.
Sort of leaves based on leaf color quality are:a) Trash (reject): black leaf colorb) Slick (slick / smooth): light yellow leaf colorc) Less slick (less liciin): yellow leaf color (such as lemon color)d) More grany side (slightly rough): a color between yellow and orange leaves.