Cultivation of red chilli
A. INTRODUCTION Chillies can be grown in the highlands and low, pH 5-6. Planting peppers are faced with various problems (risks), among others, technical culture, lacking the elements, pests and diseases, etc.. PT. Natural Nusantara (NASA) seeks help solving the problem, for an increase in the production of peppers in quantity, quality and sustainability (K-3), so that farmers can compete in the era of free markets.
B. PHASE BEFORE PLANTING 1. Land Treatment · Sprinkle -1 manure dose of 0.5 tonnes / 1000 m2 · Diluku then raked (let + 1 week) · Given Dolomite of 0.25 tons / 1000 m2 · Created beds 100 cm wide and 80 cm wide trench · Pour SUPER NASA (1 bt) / NASA (1-2 bt) - Super Nasa: 1 btl dissolved in 3 liters of water (so the mother liquor). Every 50 liters of water add 200 cc of mother liquor. Or 1 gembor (+ 10 liters) were given 1 tablespoon pressed SUPER NASA and pour into beds + 50-10 m. - NASA: 1 gembor (+ 10 liters) were given 2-4 NASA lid and pour into the beds along the + 5-10 meters. · Mix GLIO 100-200 grams (1-2 packs) with 50-100 kg of manure, allow 1 week and pass it on to beds. · Beds closed and perforated plastic mulch, planting distance of 60 cm x 70 cm zig zag pattern (let + 1 - 2 weeks).
2. Seed · Needs per 1000 m2 of 1 to 1.25 sachet Natural -10 or CK CK-11 and Natural CS-20, CB-30 · Seeds soaked with NASA POC dose of 0.5 to 1 cap / liter of warm water and then cured overnight.
C. PHASE seedbed (0-30 DAYS) 1. Nursery Preparation · Directions seedbed facing east with a canopy of plastic or thatch roof. · Media grew out of a mixture of soil and manure or compost that has been filtered, the ratio 3: 1. Manure before it is used mixed with GLIO 100 gr in 25-50 kg of manure and allowed to stand for + 1 week. Media included polybags seed size 4 x 6 cm or banana leaf cone.
2. Seeding · Chili seeds are placed one by one each polybag, then closed layer of soil + manure that has been filtered mature · Spray NASA POC dose of 1-2 ttp / tank age of 10, 17 HSS · Watering is done every day in the morning or late afternoon to keep moisture
3. Observations Pests & Diseases a. Disease · Soothing seedlings (dumping off), because the symptoms are drooping plant stem rot, caused by the fungus Phytium sp. & Rhizoctonia sp. How to control: plant who fell ill disposed together with the land, regulate humidity by reducing shade and watering, if high attack flush GLIO 1 tablespoon (± 10 g) per 10 liters of water. · Dew fur, characterized by a chlorotic spots on the leaf surface hairy or Kotil attributable fungus Peronospora parasitica. How to cope with diseases such as fall seeding. · Virus Group, symptoms are stunted seedling growth and leaf mosaic or a pale color. Symptoms appear more clearly after the plant is more than 2 weeks old. How to overcome; infected seedlings lifted and burned, spray with a virus vector or PESTONA BVR.
b. H a m a · Flea Peach Leaves (aphid sp.), Note the leaf surface or the bottom folds shoot leaves, peach aphids usually hide under leaves. Massage with finger colony ticks which are found, spray with BVR or PESTONA. · Thrip parvispinus Hama, symptoms of attack and the wrinkled leaf chlorotic spots because the leaves sucked liquid, the lower layers of colored leaves such as silver or copper. Colonies usually roam the lower leaves. Observations in the morning or late afternoon because pests will be out on time shade. Severe attack with BVR or PESTONA spray to reduce the spread. · Pest Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus Latus). Symptoms of attack brownish yellow leaf curl twisted along the bone to the bottom of the leaf. Shoots thicken and fall, leaving the stem and branches. Note the young leaves, roll up and harden when it attacked his mark mites. How to overcome as in Aphis and ThripD. PLANTING PHASE 1. Selection of Seedlings · Select seedlings of uniform, healthy, strong and grow smoothly · Seedlings have 5-6 leaves (age 21-30 days)
2. How to Plant · Planting time in the morning or late afternoon, when the heat was delayed. · Plastic polybags removed · After the planting is completed, the plants watered direct / NASA POC sprayed 3-4 cap / tank.
3. Observations Pests · Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon), an active night for copulation, feeding and spawning grounds. Caterpillars eat young plants by cutting the stem or leaf stalk. During the day hiding in the soil around affected plants. Each caterpillar was collected and then found murdered, spray with heavy attacks or VIREXI PESTONA · Armyworm (Spodoptera litura and S. exigua), Characteristics of newly hatched caterpillars / still small green with black spots on either side of the abdomen / body caterpillar, there are patches of triangles on the back (like a crescent moon.) Symptoms of attack, the larvae eat the flesh of lower leaves and fruit with damage in the form of a pimple or large holes. Severe attack, chili leaves, leaving bare twigs only. Eggs were collected and destroyed, mow grass around the plants used for hiding. Spray with VITURA, VIREXI or PESTONA. · Snails / slugs. Eat the plants, mainly in the evenings. Wanted in the vicinity of planting (sometimes under the mulch) and throw out the area.
E. PHASE OF PLANT (70-70 DAT) 1. Watering can be done with pengocoran each plant or inundation (dilep) if it feels dry. 2. Fertilization through pengocoran done once a week every hole. Fertilizer kocoran a comparison of macro-urea fertilizer mixture: SP 36: KCl: NASA = (250: 250: 250) g in 50 liters (1 barrel small) solution. Given the age of 1-4 weeks of doses of 250 cc / hole, while the age of 5-12 weeks with a ratio of macro fertilizer Urea: TSP: KCl: NASA = (500: 250: 250) g in 50 liters of water, with a dose of 500 cc / hole. The total requirement of fertilizer macro 1000 m2:
Type of Fertilizer 1-4 weeks (kg) 5-12 weeks (Kg) Urea 7 56 SP-36 7 28 KCl 7 28
Note: - Age 1-4 mg 4 times application (± 7 vat / application) - Age 5-12 mg 8 times the application (± 14 kegs / application) 3. NASA POC Spraying plants with a dose of 3-5 to cap / tank at the age of 10, 20, then at the age of 30, 40 and 50 DAT POC NASA + HORMONIK dose of 1-2 cap / tank. 4. Perempelan, reserving 2-3 main branches / production from age 15-30 hr. 5. Observations Pests and Diseases · Spodoptera litura / See front armyworm. · Lice - alliance (Aphis, Thrips, Mites), see the nursery phase. · Wilt disease, caused by several fungi such as Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia Phytium. Symptoms of attack plants suddenly wilt, dry up and fall leaves. Crops withered and destroyed to reduce the spread, spread GLIO · Disease Leaf spots, Cercospora capsici. This fungus attacks during the rainy season begins at the bottom of the old leaves. Symptoms of attack in the form of spots in various sizes with the middle gray or white, sometimes the middle is torn or perforated. The leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely, lived just fruit and twigs. As a result of fruit damaged by sunburn. Observations on old leaf. · Fruit Fly (Dacus dorsalis), symptoms of attack fruit that already contains the maggots will become brittle because of it edible, fallen fruit often young or change its shape. Fruit holes allow easy entry of bacteria so that the wet rotten fruit. As a vector Antraknose. Observations aimed at the chilli fruit rot, collect and destroy. Fruit flies are monitored with traps contain active Methyl Eugenol 40 units / ha · Disease Antraknosa Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), symptoms at first attack patches or spots on fruit rot widened and developed into the color orange, gray or black. The center of the spots seen the lines of a full circle dot black spores. Severe attack causes all parts of the fruit dries. Observations were made on red fruit and dark green. Attacked and destroyed fruit collected at harvest time are separated. Sebari heavy attack by GLIO under crop.
F. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST PHASE 1. Harvesting · First harvest around the age of 60-75 days · Harvest second and so on 2-3 days with a total harvest could reach 30-40 times or more depending on elevation and how its cultivation · After picking the 3rd sprayed with NASA POC + HORMONIK and nurtured by comparison as above, a dose of 500 cc / ph
2. How to harvest: · Fruit harvested was not too old (maturity 80-90%) · Harvesting good morning after the dew dried · Sorting done since the land · Save a shady place 3. Observations Pests & Diseases · Collect and destroy rotten fruit / damaged
2. Seed · Needs per 1000 m2 of 1 to 1.25 sachet Natural -10 or CK CK-11 and Natural CS-20, CB-30 · Seeds soaked with NASA POC dose of 0.5 to 1 cap / liter of warm water and then cured overnight.
C. PHASE seedbed (0-30 DAYS) 1. Nursery Preparation · Directions seedbed facing east with a canopy of plastic or thatch roof. · Media grew out of a mixture of soil and manure or compost that has been filtered, the ratio 3: 1. Manure before it is used mixed with GLIO 100 gr in 25-50 kg of manure and allowed to stand for + 1 week. Media included polybags seed size 4 x 6 cm or banana leaf cone.
2. Seeding · Chili seeds are placed one by one each polybag, then closed layer of soil + manure that has been filtered mature · Spray NASA POC dose of 1-2 ttp / tank age of 10, 17 HSS · Watering is done every day in the morning or late afternoon to keep moisture
3. Observations Pests & Diseases a. Disease · Soothing seedlings (dumping off), because the symptoms are drooping plant stem rot, caused by the fungus Phytium sp. & Rhizoctonia sp. How to control: plant who fell ill disposed together with the land, regulate humidity by reducing shade and watering, if high attack flush GLIO 1 tablespoon (± 10 g) per 10 liters of water. · Dew fur, characterized by a chlorotic spots on the leaf surface hairy or Kotil attributable fungus Peronospora parasitica. How to cope with diseases such as fall seeding. · Virus Group, symptoms are stunted seedling growth and leaf mosaic or a pale color. Symptoms appear more clearly after the plant is more than 2 weeks old. How to overcome; infected seedlings lifted and burned, spray with a virus vector or PESTONA BVR.
b. H a m a · Flea Peach Leaves (aphid sp.), Note the leaf surface or the bottom folds shoot leaves, peach aphids usually hide under leaves. Massage with finger colony ticks which are found, spray with BVR or PESTONA. · Thrip parvispinus Hama, symptoms of attack and the wrinkled leaf chlorotic spots because the leaves sucked liquid, the lower layers of colored leaves such as silver or copper. Colonies usually roam the lower leaves. Observations in the morning or late afternoon because pests will be out on time shade. Severe attack with BVR or PESTONA spray to reduce the spread. · Pest Mites (Polyphagotarsonemus Latus). Symptoms of attack brownish yellow leaf curl twisted along the bone to the bottom of the leaf. Shoots thicken and fall, leaving the stem and branches. Note the young leaves, roll up and harden when it attacked his mark mites. How to overcome as in Aphis and ThripD. PLANTING PHASE 1. Selection of Seedlings · Select seedlings of uniform, healthy, strong and grow smoothly · Seedlings have 5-6 leaves (age 21-30 days)
2. How to Plant · Planting time in the morning or late afternoon, when the heat was delayed. · Plastic polybags removed · After the planting is completed, the plants watered direct / NASA POC sprayed 3-4 cap / tank.
3. Observations Pests · Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon), an active night for copulation, feeding and spawning grounds. Caterpillars eat young plants by cutting the stem or leaf stalk. During the day hiding in the soil around affected plants. Each caterpillar was collected and then found murdered, spray with heavy attacks or VIREXI PESTONA · Armyworm (Spodoptera litura and S. exigua), Characteristics of newly hatched caterpillars / still small green with black spots on either side of the abdomen / body caterpillar, there are patches of triangles on the back (like a crescent moon.) Symptoms of attack, the larvae eat the flesh of lower leaves and fruit with damage in the form of a pimple or large holes. Severe attack, chili leaves, leaving bare twigs only. Eggs were collected and destroyed, mow grass around the plants used for hiding. Spray with VITURA, VIREXI or PESTONA. · Snails / slugs. Eat the plants, mainly in the evenings. Wanted in the vicinity of planting (sometimes under the mulch) and throw out the area.
E. PHASE OF PLANT (70-70 DAT) 1. Watering can be done with pengocoran each plant or inundation (dilep) if it feels dry. 2. Fertilization through pengocoran done once a week every hole. Fertilizer kocoran a comparison of macro-urea fertilizer mixture: SP 36: KCl: NASA = (250: 250: 250) g in 50 liters (1 barrel small) solution. Given the age of 1-4 weeks of doses of 250 cc / hole, while the age of 5-12 weeks with a ratio of macro fertilizer Urea: TSP: KCl: NASA = (500: 250: 250) g in 50 liters of water, with a dose of 500 cc / hole. The total requirement of fertilizer macro 1000 m2:
Type of Fertilizer 1-4 weeks (kg) 5-12 weeks (Kg) Urea 7 56 SP-36 7 28 KCl 7 28
Note: - Age 1-4 mg 4 times application (± 7 vat / application) - Age 5-12 mg 8 times the application (± 14 kegs / application) 3. NASA POC Spraying plants with a dose of 3-5 to cap / tank at the age of 10, 20, then at the age of 30, 40 and 50 DAT POC NASA + HORMONIK dose of 1-2 cap / tank. 4. Perempelan, reserving 2-3 main branches / production from age 15-30 hr. 5. Observations Pests and Diseases · Spodoptera litura / See front armyworm. · Lice - alliance (Aphis, Thrips, Mites), see the nursery phase. · Wilt disease, caused by several fungi such as Fusarium, and Rhizoctonia Phytium. Symptoms of attack plants suddenly wilt, dry up and fall leaves. Crops withered and destroyed to reduce the spread, spread GLIO · Disease Leaf spots, Cercospora capsici. This fungus attacks during the rainy season begins at the bottom of the old leaves. Symptoms of attack in the form of spots in various sizes with the middle gray or white, sometimes the middle is torn or perforated. The leaves turn yellow and fall prematurely, lived just fruit and twigs. As a result of fruit damaged by sunburn. Observations on old leaf. · Fruit Fly (Dacus dorsalis), symptoms of attack fruit that already contains the maggots will become brittle because of it edible, fallen fruit often young or change its shape. Fruit holes allow easy entry of bacteria so that the wet rotten fruit. As a vector Antraknose. Observations aimed at the chilli fruit rot, collect and destroy. Fruit flies are monitored with traps contain active Methyl Eugenol 40 units / ha · Disease Antraknosa Fruit Rot (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides), symptoms at first attack patches or spots on fruit rot widened and developed into the color orange, gray or black. The center of the spots seen the lines of a full circle dot black spores. Severe attack causes all parts of the fruit dries. Observations were made on red fruit and dark green. Attacked and destroyed fruit collected at harvest time are separated. Sebari heavy attack by GLIO under crop.
F. HARVEST AND POST-HARVEST PHASE 1. Harvesting · First harvest around the age of 60-75 days · Harvest second and so on 2-3 days with a total harvest could reach 30-40 times or more depending on elevation and how its cultivation · After picking the 3rd sprayed with NASA POC + HORMONIK and nurtured by comparison as above, a dose of 500 cc / ph
2. How to harvest: · Fruit harvested was not too old (maturity 80-90%) · Harvesting good morning after the dew dried · Sorting done since the land · Save a shady place 3. Observations Pests & Diseases · Collect and destroy rotten fruit / damaged
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