Patchouli cultivation
A. INTRODUCTIONPatchouli oil in a large enough contribution to the State foreign exchange earner among other essential oils. However, patchouli oil production in Indonesia is still limited and the production has not been optimal. PT Natural Nusantara trying to increase production of patchouli oil in quantity, quality and environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
B. ECOLOGYPatchouli plants can be grown in lowland and high with optimal height 10-400 masl, rainfall between 2500-3500 mm / yr and evenly throughout the year, temperature 24 - 280C, more than 75% humidity, solar radiation intensity sufficient, fertile soil and make the soil rich in humus.
C. Nurseries- Cuttings were taken from the trunk or branch that has been mengayu from the middle, 0.8 to 1.0 cm in diameter, + 15-23 cm and at least 3-5 buds- Prepare the seedbed seedbed, width 1.5 m, height 30 cm and length depending on the needs, trench width and depth of 30-40 cm + 50 cm- Land seedbed prepared to loose sand mixed with a ratio of 2:1 and subsequently given a mature manure that has been mixed Natural GLIO (1 sachet Natural GLIO Manure + 25-50 kg)- Create shade facing east with a height of 180 cm and 120 cm east of the west, put palm leaves or reeds on top rack.- Cuttings planted slanting position, angle of 450 as deep as 10 cm and spacing of 10 x 10 cm- Flush with NASA POC (2-3 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per 10 - 15 liter of water.- After 3-4 weeks old seedlings were ready to move on to the pitch (2-4 days) before the seedling was transferred spray NASA POC (3-4 cap / tank).
D. LAND TREATMENT- Land cleared of types of grasses, and woody shrubs.- Soil hoeing or plowed and raked- Create drainage trenches 30-40 cm width and depth of 50 cm
E. PLANTING DISTANCE- Lowlands where the land is fertile 100 x 100 cm, soil clay content of 50 x 100 cm high- On land lipatit, 75 x 75 cm- The land is mountainous, following the contour lines 50 x 100 cm or 30 x 100 cm
F. PLANTING~ By not Jump- Seeds of cuttings taken from nursery age 3-4 weeks, when the roots are too long should be cut so as not susceptible to root rot. - - - Every hole planting seedlings planted cuttings 1-2~ Directly- Plant cuttings directly in the field 2-3 cuttings per planting holeNote: It is better at planting directly, prior to the planting of cuttings were soaked first in NASA POC (1-2 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per 5 -10 liters.>
G. FertilizationFertilization with a circular manner at the base of the plant sekililingDose of fertilizer used macro + is:(See table beside)
Pour SUPER NASA that has been mixed with water, evenly over the beds, the dose ± 1 botol/1000 m2 by means of:- Alternative 1; 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water (so the mother liquor). Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds.- Alternative 2; every 1 gembor (10 lt) give 1 tablespoon pressed meal NASA SUPER 5-10 meters for watering beds.NASA POC sprayed the age of 20, 30, 50 and 60 days after planting with a dose of 4-5 cap / tank or NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) / tank.
H. StitchingStitching done one month after planting to replace dead plants or less normal
I. WeedingPerformed 2 months after planting or when plants reach a height of 20-30 cm and branch-rise with a radius of 20 cm. Furthermore, once every 3 months
J. Pruning- Thinning and pruning is done at the age of 3 months after planting. Thinning by removing plants that were located too close. - Trimming the plant cover is too dense and the other branch, namely the branch of level three and above. To accelerate the growth of new shoots, preferably within each cluster allowed just one branch that grows and spray with NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1-2 closed) after trimming.
K. PEMBUMBUNANDone after harvest, the branches are left after harvest and its proximity to the soil stockpiled near the end as high as 10-15 cm. Medium branches are located far from the ground was broken at the edges, but not disconnected from the trunk, then the broken parts dumped to the ground.
L. PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT1. H a m aa. Silkworm winder Leaves (Pachyzaneba stutalis)Caterpillars live in rolled young leaves, while eating the leaves that grow, heavy attack only the bones of the leaf only. Control: collect and destroy.
b. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera)These pests eat the leaves, so the plants become bald. Heavy attack stems eaten eventually die. Control: environmental sanitation.
c. Leaf eaters Criket (Gryllidae)Eat the young leaves so the leaves with holes and production fell. Control: environmental sanitation.
2. Diseasea. Budok (hoprosep)The cause is a virus, symptoms of leaf curling, gray and falling out, form lumps on the stem to the roots when massaged smells bad. The disease is growing after the dry season and is caused by the cuts that are too heavy at harvest. Control: sanity garden, working tools are sterile.
b. Stem Rot DiseaseThe cause is the fungus Fusarium sp. and strike at the roots or stems. Attacked stems will shrink, change the color of brown and blackened around the stems and eventually die. Control: Reduce humidity by means trimmed, avoid injury, use the Natural GLIO + SUPERNASA. Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (½ cap) pertangki
M. HARVEST AND POST HARVEST- Harvesting can be done at the age of 6-8 months after planting- All of the patchouli plant, namely roots, stems, branches and leaves contain essential oils- The instrument used sickle, scissors, or sharp knife and clean- First Harvest, part of which may cut the branches from the second level upwards, while the first-level branches of the left- Finish the first harvest, when the first branches away from the ground but not broken dirundukkan then backfilled soil at each tunasnya- After a 9 month old plants, the plants can be harvested the second time in a way like the first harvest, so that will be obtained new branches and new chicks.- So then until harvest at month-12, 15, 18, 21, 24, etc.- The crop chopped patchouli leaves + 3-5 cm and then dried in the sun until the moisture content of 15% then the flute.
B. ECOLOGYPatchouli plants can be grown in lowland and high with optimal height 10-400 masl, rainfall between 2500-3500 mm / yr and evenly throughout the year, temperature 24 - 280C, more than 75% humidity, solar radiation intensity sufficient, fertile soil and make the soil rich in humus.
C. Nurseries- Cuttings were taken from the trunk or branch that has been mengayu from the middle, 0.8 to 1.0 cm in diameter, + 15-23 cm and at least 3-5 buds- Prepare the seedbed seedbed, width 1.5 m, height 30 cm and length depending on the needs, trench width and depth of 30-40 cm + 50 cm- Land seedbed prepared to loose sand mixed with a ratio of 2:1 and subsequently given a mature manure that has been mixed Natural GLIO (1 sachet Natural GLIO Manure + 25-50 kg)- Create shade facing east with a height of 180 cm and 120 cm east of the west, put palm leaves or reeds on top rack.- Cuttings planted slanting position, angle of 450 as deep as 10 cm and spacing of 10 x 10 cm- Flush with NASA POC (2-3 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per 10 - 15 liter of water.- After 3-4 weeks old seedlings were ready to move on to the pitch (2-4 days) before the seedling was transferred spray NASA POC (3-4 cap / tank).
D. LAND TREATMENT- Land cleared of types of grasses, and woody shrubs.- Soil hoeing or plowed and raked- Create drainage trenches 30-40 cm width and depth of 50 cm
E. PLANTING DISTANCE- Lowlands where the land is fertile 100 x 100 cm, soil clay content of 50 x 100 cm high- On land lipatit, 75 x 75 cm- The land is mountainous, following the contour lines 50 x 100 cm or 30 x 100 cm
F. PLANTING~ By not Jump- Seeds of cuttings taken from nursery age 3-4 weeks, when the roots are too long should be cut so as not susceptible to root rot. - - - Every hole planting seedlings planted cuttings 1-2~ Directly- Plant cuttings directly in the field 2-3 cuttings per planting holeNote: It is better at planting directly, prior to the planting of cuttings were soaked first in NASA POC (1-2 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) per 5 -10 liters.>
G. FertilizationFertilization with a circular manner at the base of the plant sekililingDose of fertilizer used macro + is:(See table beside)
Applications | Urea kg/ha | DS/TSP kg/ha | KCl Kg/ha | NASA btl/ha | HRN btl/ha |
Currently Planted | 25 - 50 | 3 - 5 spray | - | ||
1 month | 37,5 | 20 | 2 - 5 spray | - | |
1 week after first harvest | 56,25 | - | 30 | 2,5 – 5 spray | 5 – 10 spray |
1 week After Harvest II | 56,25 | - | 30 | 2,5 – 5 spray | 5 – 10 spray |
TOTAL | 150 | 25 - 50 | 80 | 10-20 | 10 - 20 |
Pour SUPER NASA that has been mixed with water, evenly over the beds, the dose ± 1 botol/1000 m2 by means of:- Alternative 1; 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water (so the mother liquor). Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds.- Alternative 2; every 1 gembor (10 lt) give 1 tablespoon pressed meal NASA SUPER 5-10 meters for watering beds.NASA POC sprayed the age of 20, 30, 50 and 60 days after planting with a dose of 4-5 cap / tank or NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) / tank.
H. StitchingStitching done one month after planting to replace dead plants or less normal
I. WeedingPerformed 2 months after planting or when plants reach a height of 20-30 cm and branch-rise with a radius of 20 cm. Furthermore, once every 3 months
J. Pruning- Thinning and pruning is done at the age of 3 months after planting. Thinning by removing plants that were located too close. - Trimming the plant cover is too dense and the other branch, namely the branch of level three and above. To accelerate the growth of new shoots, preferably within each cluster allowed just one branch that grows and spray with NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1-2 closed) after trimming.
K. PEMBUMBUNANDone after harvest, the branches are left after harvest and its proximity to the soil stockpiled near the end as high as 10-15 cm. Medium branches are located far from the ground was broken at the edges, but not disconnected from the trunk, then the broken parts dumped to the ground.
L. PEST AND DISEASE MANAGEMENT1. H a m aa. Silkworm winder Leaves (Pachyzaneba stutalis)Caterpillars live in rolled young leaves, while eating the leaves that grow, heavy attack only the bones of the leaf only. Control: collect and destroy.
b. Grasshoppers (Orthoptera)These pests eat the leaves, so the plants become bald. Heavy attack stems eaten eventually die. Control: environmental sanitation.
c. Leaf eaters Criket (Gryllidae)Eat the young leaves so the leaves with holes and production fell. Control: environmental sanitation.
2. Diseasea. Budok (hoprosep)The cause is a virus, symptoms of leaf curling, gray and falling out, form lumps on the stem to the roots when massaged smells bad. The disease is growing after the dry season and is caused by the cuts that are too heavy at harvest. Control: sanity garden, working tools are sterile.
b. Stem Rot DiseaseThe cause is the fungus Fusarium sp. and strike at the roots or stems. Attacked stems will shrink, change the color of brown and blackened around the stems and eventually die. Control: Reduce humidity by means trimmed, avoid injury, use the Natural GLIO + SUPERNASA. Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (½ cap) pertangki
M. HARVEST AND POST HARVEST- Harvesting can be done at the age of 6-8 months after planting- All of the patchouli plant, namely roots, stems, branches and leaves contain essential oils- The instrument used sickle, scissors, or sharp knife and clean- First Harvest, part of which may cut the branches from the second level upwards, while the first-level branches of the left- Finish the first harvest, when the first branches away from the ground but not broken dirundukkan then backfilled soil at each tunasnya- After a 9 month old plants, the plants can be harvested the second time in a way like the first harvest, so that will be obtained new branches and new chicks.- So then until harvest at month-12, 15, 18, 21, 24, etc.- The crop chopped patchouli leaves + 3-5 cm and then dried in the sun until the moisture content of 15% then the flute.
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