Cultivation of Watermelon
I. INTRODUCTION The level and quality of watermelon production in Indonesia is still relatively low. This is mainly due to hard ground, poor nutrients and hormones, which are not balanced fertilization, pest and plant diseases, the influence of weather / climate, and farmers' cultivation technical. PT. Natural Nusantara attempt to help farmers in increasing production quantity and quality while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3).
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS 2.1. Climate Rainfall ideally 40-50 mm / month. The entire planting area to sunlight from sunrise to drown. The optimal temperature ± 250 C. Watermelon suitable to be planted in the lowlands to a height of 600 m above sea level.
2.2. Growing Media The soil is friable, rich in organic matter, not the acid soil and soil garden / paddy fields that have been dried. Matches on sandy loam soil type. Soil acidity (pH) from 6 to 6.7. III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING 3.1. Nurseries 3.1.1. Preparation of Media Semai - Prepare Natural GLIO: 1-2 Natural packaging GLIO mixed with 25-50 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. Let stand + 1 week in the shade by always keeping the humidity and the occasional stirring (reversed). - Mix finely ground (already sifted) 2 parts or 2 buckets (volume of 10 LT), ripe manure that has been finely sifted as much as 1 part or 1 bucket, TSP (± 50 g) was dissolved in 2 cap NASA POC, and Natural GLIO that have been bred in manure (1-3 kg). Insert the media in a polybag seedlings into small 8x10 cm to fill up to 90%.
3.1.2. Seed Germination Techniques The seed is inserted into the fabric and then tied, and then soaked in a mixture: 1 quart warm water temperature 20-250C + 1 tablespoon NASA POC (soaked 8-12 hours). Seeds in the bond is taken, wrapped in newspaper and then brooded 1-2 days. If anyone is planted and germinated taken if dry add water and wrapped in cloth and then put the paper again.
3.1.3. Plant Seed and Seedling Rearing - Media seedlings were drenched with clean water sufficiently. Seeds of selected candidates have long roots 2-3 mm, direct sowing in polybags as deep as 1 to 1.5 cm. - The bag is placed row seedbed for full sunlight. Given the protection of transparent plastic, one end / edge open. - Spray POC NASA to spur the development of seedlings, carried out routinely every 3-4 days. Watering 1-2 times a day. At the age of 12-14 days of planting seed.
3.2. Media Processing Plant 3.2.1. Land Opening Piracy + 30 cm deep, crushed and flattened. Clean the area from the remnants of roots and stones.
3.2.2. Formation of beds 6-8 m wide beds, a minimum 20 cm bed height.
3.2.3. Calcification The use of lime per 1000 m2 on the soil pH is required 150-200 kg dolomite 4-5, pH 5-6 is required 75-150 kg dolomite and pH> 6 is needed as much as 50 kg of dolomite.
3.2.4. Basic Fertilization a. Manure 600 kg / ha, provided on the surface of the bed about a week before planting. b. Inorganic fertilizer in the form of TSP (200 kg / ha), ZA (140 kg / ha) and KCl (130 kg / ha). c. NASA POC Pour enough water has been mixed over the beds with a dose of 1-2 botol/1000 + m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER POC NASA NASA botol/1000 dose of 1-2 m2 with: Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds. Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 liters given 1 tablespoon SUPER pressed NASA to flush + 10 meters of beds.
3.2.5. Other Beds need weeding, watering and given a plastic mulch with a width 110-150 cm for water evaporation and inhibit the growth of wild plants. On top of dry straw mulch coated with thick as 2-3 cm for the propagation and the laying of watermelon fruit.
3.3. Planting Technique 3.3.1. Hole Making Plant Conducted One week prior to planting with a depth of 8-10 cm. 20-30 cm away from the edge of the bed to the distance between holes of about 90-100 cm.
3.3.2. Planting time Planting should be in the morning or afternoon and then seedlings watered until quite wet.
3.4. Plant Maintenance 3.4.1. Stitching Should be performed 3-5 days after planting.
3.4.2. Weeding Watermelon plants just enough to have two pieces, with settings that tend to be more primary branches. Maintained 2-3 secondary branches without cutting twigs. Keep weeding on the branch that is not useful, ends trimmed and leave any secondary branches 2 leaves. Secondary branches that grow on the existing segment by interrupting the growth of cut pieces of fruit.
3.4.3. Perempelan Conducted perempelan young shoots that are not useful because it affects the growth of trees / fruit growing watermelon.
3.4.4. Irrigation and Watering Irrigation through the channels between beds or digembor at intervals of 4-6 days. Volume irrigation should not be excessive.
3.4.5. Fertilization
2.2. Growing Media The soil is friable, rich in organic matter, not the acid soil and soil garden / paddy fields that have been dried. Matches on sandy loam soil type. Soil acidity (pH) from 6 to 6.7. III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING 3.1. Nurseries 3.1.1. Preparation of Media Semai - Prepare Natural GLIO: 1-2 Natural packaging GLIO mixed with 25-50 kg of manure to land 1000 m2. Let stand + 1 week in the shade by always keeping the humidity and the occasional stirring (reversed). - Mix finely ground (already sifted) 2 parts or 2 buckets (volume of 10 LT), ripe manure that has been finely sifted as much as 1 part or 1 bucket, TSP (± 50 g) was dissolved in 2 cap NASA POC, and Natural GLIO that have been bred in manure (1-3 kg). Insert the media in a polybag seedlings into small 8x10 cm to fill up to 90%.
3.1.2. Seed Germination Techniques The seed is inserted into the fabric and then tied, and then soaked in a mixture: 1 quart warm water temperature 20-250C + 1 tablespoon NASA POC (soaked 8-12 hours). Seeds in the bond is taken, wrapped in newspaper and then brooded 1-2 days. If anyone is planted and germinated taken if dry add water and wrapped in cloth and then put the paper again.
3.1.3. Plant Seed and Seedling Rearing - Media seedlings were drenched with clean water sufficiently. Seeds of selected candidates have long roots 2-3 mm, direct sowing in polybags as deep as 1 to 1.5 cm. - The bag is placed row seedbed for full sunlight. Given the protection of transparent plastic, one end / edge open. - Spray POC NASA to spur the development of seedlings, carried out routinely every 3-4 days. Watering 1-2 times a day. At the age of 12-14 days of planting seed.
3.2. Media Processing Plant 3.2.1. Land Opening Piracy + 30 cm deep, crushed and flattened. Clean the area from the remnants of roots and stones.
3.2.2. Formation of beds 6-8 m wide beds, a minimum 20 cm bed height.
3.2.3. Calcification The use of lime per 1000 m2 on the soil pH is required 150-200 kg dolomite 4-5, pH 5-6 is required 75-150 kg dolomite and pH> 6 is needed as much as 50 kg of dolomite.
3.2.4. Basic Fertilization a. Manure 600 kg / ha, provided on the surface of the bed about a week before planting. b. Inorganic fertilizer in the form of TSP (200 kg / ha), ZA (140 kg / ha) and KCl (130 kg / ha). c. NASA POC Pour enough water has been mixed over the beds with a dose of 1-2 botol/1000 + m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER POC NASA NASA botol/1000 dose of 1-2 m2 with: Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds. Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 liters given 1 tablespoon SUPER pressed NASA to flush + 10 meters of beds.
3.2.5. Other Beds need weeding, watering and given a plastic mulch with a width 110-150 cm for water evaporation and inhibit the growth of wild plants. On top of dry straw mulch coated with thick as 2-3 cm for the propagation and the laying of watermelon fruit.
3.3. Planting Technique 3.3.1. Hole Making Plant Conducted One week prior to planting with a depth of 8-10 cm. 20-30 cm away from the edge of the bed to the distance between holes of about 90-100 cm.
3.3.2. Planting time Planting should be in the morning or afternoon and then seedlings watered until quite wet.
3.4. Plant Maintenance 3.4.1. Stitching Should be performed 3-5 days after planting.
3.4.2. Weeding Watermelon plants just enough to have two pieces, with settings that tend to be more primary branches. Maintained 2-3 secondary branches without cutting twigs. Keep weeding on the branch that is not useful, ends trimmed and leave any secondary branches 2 leaves. Secondary branches that grow on the existing segment by interrupting the growth of cut pieces of fruit.
3.4.3. Perempelan Conducted perempelan young shoots that are not useful because it affects the growth of trees / fruit growing watermelon.
3.4.4. Irrigation and Watering Irrigation through the channels between beds or digembor at intervals of 4-6 days. Volume irrigation should not be excessive.
3.4.5. Fertilization
3.4.5. Pemupukan
Left | Macro Fertilizer dose (kg / ha) | ||
ZA | TSP | KCl | |
| Following on I (3 days) | 40 | - | 40 |
Following on II Leaf blade 4-6 | 120 | 85 | 80 |
Trunk 45-55 cm supplementary III | 170 | - | 30 |
Aftershocks IV Plant flowers | 130 | - | 30 |
V Fruit aftershocks still choke Following IV Plant flowers | 80 | - | 30 |
| POC NASA ( per ha ) | |||
NASA POC is sprayed into the plant alternative 1: 6-7 times (1-week interval) with a dose of 4 bottle / tank
Alternative 2: 4 times (at intervals of 2 weeks) with dose of 6 bottle / tank
3.4.6. Spraying time HORMONIK Spray a similar HORMONIK ZPT / natural hormones. HORMONIK Dose: 1-2 cc / lt of water or 1-2 3-4 closed closed HORMONIK + NASA POC each tank of spray. Spraying at the age of 21-70 days, 7 day intervals.
3.4.7. Other Maintenance Choose fruit that is big enough, lies between 1.0 to 1.5 m from plant roots, good shape and not disabled. Each plant is required of candidates 1-2 pieces of fruit, the rest in the barbershop. Since ± 2 kg of fruit candidates often reversed in order to avoid unfavorable color unevenness due to sun exposure.
3.5. Pests and Diseases 3.5.1 Pests a. Thrips Small-sized slender, pale yellow-black, antennae have edged bodies. Modes of transmission are wandering at night, settle and breed. Control: Natural spray or PESTONA BVR.
b. Silkworm Destroyer Leaves Green with black stripe / yellow striped green, symptoms: leaves eaten until the live layer of wax and looks from afar like a hole. Control: Natural Vitura done spraying or PESTONA.
c. Mite Little red beast somewhat yellowish / greenish small sucking plant fluids. The sign, visible web of this animal nests beneath the surface of leaves, foliage color will be pale. Control: Spray Natural BVR or PESTONA.
d. Silkworm Land Berbintik-bintik/bergaris-garis black, 2-5 cm body length, actively destroying and moving at night. Attack the leaves, especially the young shoots, adult worms prey on the base of the plant. Control: (1) simultaneous planting in an area adjacent to break the cycle of life and eradicating pest moth nests around it, (2) control by spraying Natural Vitura / Virexi or PESTONA.
e. Fruit Flies The characteristics have transparent wings with yellow spots and has a trunk. The signs of an attack: there are scars on the skin of fruit (such as puncture proboscis), smelled slightly sour fruit flesh and looks bruised. Control: cleaning up the environment, soil pests former reversed with hijacked / hoeing, trapping fruit flies and spray PESTONA.
3.5.2. Disease a. Fusarium wilt Cause: The environment / situations that allow fungi to grow (the weather is too humid). Symptoms: arise decay in plants that had been lush and fertile. Control: (1) with a rotation period of planting and maintaining environmental conditions, planting in new areas that have not farmed, (2) of the Natural GLIO before or at planting time.
b. Leaf spots Cause: germ spores carried by wind from another plant that was attacked. Symptoms: leaf surface there are patches of yellow and later turn brown eventually dry up and die, or there are subtle colored tassels abu-abu/ungu. Control: as in Fusarium wilt disease.
c. Antraknosa The cause: such as Fusarium wilt disease. Symptoms: The leaves look brown spots that eventually turn reddish color and the leaves eventually die. When attacking the fruit, pink dots appear that the more widespread over time. Control: control of diseases such as fusarium wilt.
d. Rot Semai Attack on the seeds being planted. Symptoms: brown seed stems, vines and then fall down dead. Control: Natural gift GLIO before seeding on seedling media.
e. Fruit Rot Causes: fungal / bacterial pathogens that infect the fruit before ripe and active after the fruit began to be picked. Control: avoid skin damage and prevent the occurrence of fruit, either during transport or storage, picking fruit during the day do not cloudy / rain.
f. Leaf Rust The cause: a virus carried by pest plants that grow on plant leaves. Symptoms: blistered leaves, mottled, tend to change shape, stunted crops and longitudinal cracks occur on the trunk. Control: same as Fusarium wilt disease. Note: If a pest control using natural pesticides can not cope with chemical pesticides used. For spraying chemical pesticides can be uneven and not easily lost by rain water Adhesives Straighten AERO add a dose of 810 + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
3.6. Harvest 3.6.1.Ciri and Age Harvest Age harvested after 70-100 days after planting. Characteristics: fruit color changes, and stem the fruit begins to diminish, the fruit can be picked (harvested).
3.6.2. How to Harvest Picking the fruit should be carried out during fine weather so that the fruit in dry conditions the surface of the skin, and lasts for penyimpananan nor in the hands of retailers. We recommend cutting the watermelon made its fruit stalks.
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