Eggplant Farming
INTRODUCTION
Prospects eggplant cultivation the better to intensively managed and commercial-scale agribusiness, but the results of the average is still low. This is due to a culture that still sideline farming, inadequate information on cultivation techniques at farm level.
PT. Natural Nusantara trying to provide alternatives solutions how eggplant cultivation technique that achieved production increases in K-3, the Quantity, Quality and Environmental sustainability.
GROWING CONDITIONS
- Can be grown on high plains
- Air temperature 22 - 30o C
- The best type of soil, sandy loam type, fertile, rich in organic matter, aeration and good drainage and pH between 6.8 to 7.3
- Sunlight should be enough
- Suitable for dry season planting
Nurseries
- Soak the seeds in lukewarm water + NASA POC dose of 2 cc per liter for 10 -15 minutes
- Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth rolls for brooded over + 24 hours to appear began to sprout
- Spread the seeds on top of the nursery beds in rows, distance between rows 10-15 cm
- Mix 1 pack of Natural GLIO + 25-30 kg of manure fine let stand a week, then enter the seeds one by one into polybags which already contain a mixture of fine soil and manure that has been mixed Natural GLIO ratio of 2: 1
- Cover seeds with thin soil
- The surface of beds that have been sowing the seeds covered with banana leaves
- Once the seeds germinate looks appear, open the lid
- Flush the morning and afternoon nursery
- Spray the NASA POC 2-3 doses per tank cap once every 7-10 days
- Notice of pests and diseases since the nursery
- 1 to 1.5 month-old seedlings or leaves four strands ready Transplanting
LAND TREATMENT
- Clean the wild grass (weeds) out of the garden
- Sports ground with a hoe or plow in 30-40 cm until crumbly
- Make beds as wide as 100-120 cm, the distance between beds 40-60 cm, smooth surface of the beds
- If the soil pH is low, add Dolomite
- Spread manure 15-20 tons / ha, mix evenly with the soil. It would be optimal if added SUPERNASA or if no manure can be replaced SUPERNASA 10-20 bottles / ha by the way:
Alternative 1: one bottle SUPERNASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor to water beds
Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 liters of water was given a spoon to eat SUPERNASA pressed to flush the + 10 m beds
- Spread the base with a mix of ZA fertilizer or urea 150 kg + 250 kg per ha TSP mixed with the soil evenly or approximately 10 grams of a mixture of manure per planting hole
- Spread the Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets which have 25-50 kg of manure mixed evenly into the bed or into the planting hole
- If you use plastic mulch, cover the beds in the daytime
- Allow for a week before planting
- Make the planting hole with a distance of 60x70 cm / 70x70 cm
PLANTING
- When planting a good dry season
- Select seeds that grow fast and normal
- Plant seeds in the planting hole and then vertically compacted soil around the stem
- Flush the planting hole that has been planted until quite wet (humid)
Irrigation
Done routinely every day, especially during the early phases of growth and dry weather, can be leb or doused with gembor
Stitching
- Sulam abnormal plant growth, death or disease infestations
- 15 day maximum stitching
FITTING stake (stake)
- Do it as early as possible so as not to disrupt (destroy) root system
- Made of bamboo stake as high as 80-100 cm and 2-4 cm wide
- Plug in an individual close to the stem
- Tie the trunk or branches of eggplant at stake
Weeding
- Wild grass or weeds around the plants weeded or revoked
- Weeding done at age 15 days and 60-75 days after planting
Fertilization
The type and dose of fertilizer Macro adjusted to the type of soil, variety and condition of the area by reference to the local agricultural bureau. Here's one alternative:
Type of Fertilizer
Fertilization is placed as far as 20 cm from the stem of the plant as much as 10 grams of a mixture of fertilizer per plant in Portugal or the bolt closed and the sprinkled soil or fertilizer dikocorkan of 3.5 grams per liter of water, fertilizer solution kocorkan as much as 250 cc per plant
Spray 3-4 cap NASA POC + 1 cap HORMONIK per tank every 1-2 weeks
Pruning (PEREMPELAN)
Prune shoots that grow wild from the first axillary flower until the first well for dirempel to stimulate new shoots and flowers that grow more productive immediately
PEST CONTROL DISEASE
PEST
1. Leaf beetles (Epilachna spp.)
Symptoms of a bite attack on the lower leaf surface
If severe attacks can destroy all living leaf tissue and leaf bones
How to control; collect and destroy the beetles, set the time of planting, prevention with PESTONA or pentane + AERO 810 every 1-2 weeks.
2. Leaf louse (Aphis spp.)
Attack by sucking fluid cells, especially in the shoots or young leaves
Leaves are not normal, wrinkled or curly or curl
As an intermediary vector or virus
How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation, preventing spray pentane + AERO 810 or Natural BVR every 1-2 weeks.
3.Tungau (Tetranynichus spp.)
Onslaught of the dry season.
Attack by sucking liquid plant cells, causing symptoms of red spots to brown or black on the upper leaf surface or the bottom.
How to control the same as in Dalian pengen aphids.
4. Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon Hufn.)
Polifag nature, dusk or night active
Attacking the point by cutting the young plants grow, so limp and collapsed
How to control; collect and destroy the caterpillars, flush or spray PESTONA prevention or pentane + AERO 810.
5.Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura, F.)
Polifag nature.
Attack by damaging (to eat) leaves until the holes.
How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation, with Natural VITURA spray.
6.Ulat Fruit (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.)
Polifag nature, attacking the fruit by way of biting and holes, so that the fruit shape is not normal, and susceptible to fruit rot disease.
How to control; collect and destroy infected fruit, do crop rotation and planting time garden sanitation, preventive spray PESTONA or pentane + AERO 810 every 1-2 weeks
DISEASE
1. Bacterial Wilt
Cause: Pseudomonas solanacearum
Can live long in the land
Onslaught at temperatures high enough
Symptoms of the attacks occur suddenly kelayuan whole plant
2. Fruit Rot
Cause: The fungus Phytophthora sp., Phomopsis vexans, Phytium sp.
Symptoms of an attack of wet brown blotches on the fruit so rotten fruit.
3. Leaf spots
Cause: The fungus Cercospora sp, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea
Symptom-gray spots on leaves brown or black.
4. Antraknose
Cause: The fungus Gloesporium melongena
Symptoms of patches of curved and rounded in fruit and enlarging brown with black dots
5.Busuk Neck roots
Cause: Sclerotium rolfsii
Symptoms of brown stem rot
6.Rebah Semai
Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp.
Symptoms of stem-basahan kebasah young seedlings, shrink and eventually collapse and die
Disease control measures:
Planting resistant varieties, set the spacing and crop rotation, drainage improvements, adjust the humidity with a rather wide spacing, remove and dispose of sick plants Soak the seeds with NASA POC dose of 2 cc / lt + Natural GLIO dose of 1 g / lt, Prevention of spread Natural GLIO which have been mixed manure into the planting hole before planting.
Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, as the last alternative could be to use chemical pesticides are recommended. For spraying is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rain water add the adhesive wetting Straighten AERO 810 dose of 0.5 bottles per tank cap
HARVESTING
- The first fruit to be picked after the age of 3-4 months depending on the type varieties
- The characteristics of fruit ready for harvest is already the maximum size and still young.
- The best time in the morning or evening.
- How to harvest the fruit stalks are picked by hand or with a sharp instrument.
- Picking the next fruit is routine once every 3-7 days with how to choose fruit that is ready to be picked.
Prospects eggplant cultivation the better to intensively managed and commercial-scale agribusiness, but the results of the average is still low. This is due to a culture that still sideline farming, inadequate information on cultivation techniques at farm level.
PT. Natural Nusantara trying to provide alternatives solutions how eggplant cultivation technique that achieved production increases in K-3, the Quantity, Quality and Environmental sustainability.
GROWING CONDITIONS
- Can be grown on high plains
- Air temperature 22 - 30o C
- The best type of soil, sandy loam type, fertile, rich in organic matter, aeration and good drainage and pH between 6.8 to 7.3
- Sunlight should be enough
- Suitable for dry season planting
Nurseries
- Soak the seeds in lukewarm water + NASA POC dose of 2 cc per liter for 10 -15 minutes
- Wrap the seeds in a damp cloth rolls for brooded over + 24 hours to appear began to sprout
- Spread the seeds on top of the nursery beds in rows, distance between rows 10-15 cm
- Mix 1 pack of Natural GLIO + 25-30 kg of manure fine let stand a week, then enter the seeds one by one into polybags which already contain a mixture of fine soil and manure that has been mixed Natural GLIO ratio of 2: 1
- Cover seeds with thin soil
- The surface of beds that have been sowing the seeds covered with banana leaves
- Once the seeds germinate looks appear, open the lid
- Flush the morning and afternoon nursery
- Spray the NASA POC 2-3 doses per tank cap once every 7-10 days
- Notice of pests and diseases since the nursery
- 1 to 1.5 month-old seedlings or leaves four strands ready Transplanting
LAND TREATMENT
- Clean the wild grass (weeds) out of the garden
- Sports ground with a hoe or plow in 30-40 cm until crumbly
- Make beds as wide as 100-120 cm, the distance between beds 40-60 cm, smooth surface of the beds
- If the soil pH is low, add Dolomite
- Spread manure 15-20 tons / ha, mix evenly with the soil. It would be optimal if added SUPERNASA or if no manure can be replaced SUPERNASA 10-20 bottles / ha by the way:
Alternative 1: one bottle SUPERNASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor to water beds
Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 liters of water was given a spoon to eat SUPERNASA pressed to flush the + 10 m beds
- Spread the base with a mix of ZA fertilizer or urea 150 kg + 250 kg per ha TSP mixed with the soil evenly or approximately 10 grams of a mixture of manure per planting hole
- Spread the Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets which have 25-50 kg of manure mixed evenly into the bed or into the planting hole
- If you use plastic mulch, cover the beds in the daytime
- Allow for a week before planting
- Make the planting hole with a distance of 60x70 cm / 70x70 cm
PLANTING
- When planting a good dry season
- Select seeds that grow fast and normal
- Plant seeds in the planting hole and then vertically compacted soil around the stem
- Flush the planting hole that has been planted until quite wet (humid)
Irrigation
Done routinely every day, especially during the early phases of growth and dry weather, can be leb or doused with gembor
Stitching
- Sulam abnormal plant growth, death or disease infestations
- 15 day maximum stitching
FITTING stake (stake)
- Do it as early as possible so as not to disrupt (destroy) root system
- Made of bamboo stake as high as 80-100 cm and 2-4 cm wide
- Plug in an individual close to the stem
- Tie the trunk or branches of eggplant at stake
Weeding
- Wild grass or weeds around the plants weeded or revoked
- Weeding done at age 15 days and 60-75 days after planting
Fertilization
The type and dose of fertilizer Macro adjusted to the type of soil, variety and condition of the area by reference to the local agricultural bureau. Here's one alternative:
Type of Fertilizer
Type of Fertilizer | Following fertilization (kg / ha) | |||
Age 15 days | Age 25 days | Age 35 days | Age 45 days | |
Urea | 75 | 75 | 75 | 75 |
SP-36 | 50 | - | - | - |
KCl | - | 75 | 100 | 75 |
Fertilization is placed as far as 20 cm from the stem of the plant as much as 10 grams of a mixture of fertilizer per plant in Portugal or the bolt closed and the sprinkled soil or fertilizer dikocorkan of 3.5 grams per liter of water, fertilizer solution kocorkan as much as 250 cc per plant
Spray 3-4 cap NASA POC + 1 cap HORMONIK per tank every 1-2 weeks
Pruning (PEREMPELAN)
Prune shoots that grow wild from the first axillary flower until the first well for dirempel to stimulate new shoots and flowers that grow more productive immediately
PEST CONTROL DISEASE
PEST
1. Leaf beetles (Epilachna spp.)
Symptoms of a bite attack on the lower leaf surface
If severe attacks can destroy all living leaf tissue and leaf bones
How to control; collect and destroy the beetles, set the time of planting, prevention with PESTONA or pentane + AERO 810 every 1-2 weeks.
2. Leaf louse (Aphis spp.)
Attack by sucking fluid cells, especially in the shoots or young leaves
Leaves are not normal, wrinkled or curly or curl
As an intermediary vector or virus
How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation, preventing spray pentane + AERO 810 or Natural BVR every 1-2 weeks.
3.Tungau (Tetranynichus spp.)
Onslaught of the dry season.
Attack by sucking liquid plant cells, causing symptoms of red spots to brown or black on the upper leaf surface or the bottom.
How to control the same as in Dalian pengen aphids.
4. Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon Hufn.)
Polifag nature, dusk or night active
Attacking the point by cutting the young plants grow, so limp and collapsed
How to control; collect and destroy the caterpillars, flush or spray PESTONA prevention or pentane + AERO 810.
5.Ulat Grayak (Spodoptera litura, F.)
Polifag nature.
Attack by damaging (to eat) leaves until the holes.
How to control; set the time of planting and crop rotation, with Natural VITURA spray.
6.Ulat Fruit (Helicoverpa armigera Hubn.)
Polifag nature, attacking the fruit by way of biting and holes, so that the fruit shape is not normal, and susceptible to fruit rot disease.
How to control; collect and destroy infected fruit, do crop rotation and planting time garden sanitation, preventive spray PESTONA or pentane + AERO 810 every 1-2 weeks
DISEASE
1. Bacterial Wilt
Cause: Pseudomonas solanacearum
Can live long in the land
Onslaught at temperatures high enough
Symptoms of the attacks occur suddenly kelayuan whole plant
2. Fruit Rot
Cause: The fungus Phytophthora sp., Phomopsis vexans, Phytium sp.
Symptoms of an attack of wet brown blotches on the fruit so rotten fruit.
3. Leaf spots
Cause: The fungus Cercospora sp, Alternaria solani, Botrytis cinerea
Symptom-gray spots on leaves brown or black.
4. Antraknose
Cause: The fungus Gloesporium melongena
Symptoms of patches of curved and rounded in fruit and enlarging brown with black dots
5.Busuk Neck roots
Cause: Sclerotium rolfsii
Symptoms of brown stem rot
6.Rebah Semai
Cause: The fungus Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium spp.
Symptoms of stem-basahan kebasah young seedlings, shrink and eventually collapse and die
Disease control measures:
Planting resistant varieties, set the spacing and crop rotation, drainage improvements, adjust the humidity with a rather wide spacing, remove and dispose of sick plants Soak the seeds with NASA POC dose of 2 cc / lt + Natural GLIO dose of 1 g / lt, Prevention of spread Natural GLIO which have been mixed manure into the planting hole before planting.
Note: If the control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, as the last alternative could be to use chemical pesticides are recommended. For spraying is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rain water add the adhesive wetting Straighten AERO 810 dose of 0.5 bottles per tank cap
HARVESTING
- The first fruit to be picked after the age of 3-4 months depending on the type varieties
- The characteristics of fruit ready for harvest is already the maximum size and still young.
- The best time in the morning or evening.
- How to harvest the fruit stalks are picked by hand or with a sharp instrument.
- Picking the next fruit is routine once every 3-7 days with how to choose fruit that is ready to be picked.
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