Cucumber Cultivation
I. INTRODUCTION Cucumber production in Indonesia is still very low but its potential can still be improved. For the PT. Natural Nusantara seeks help improve production quality, quantity and Sustainability (K-3).
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS 2.1. Climate Adaptation of cucumbers in a variety of climate is quite high, but optimum growth in dry climates. Simply get sunlight, temperature (21.1 to 26.7) ° C and not much rain. Optimum altitude of 1000-1200 masl.
2.2. Growing Media Loose soil, many containing humus, good water system, easy to soak the soil water, soil pH of 6-7.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING 3.1. Nurseries a. Natural GLIO Prepare and mix with manure cooked, let stand 1 week. b. Prepare a fine ground and pile can be replaced SUPERNASA / POC NASA that has been mixed Natural GLIO (soil: pile = 7:3) and enter the polybag. c. Soak the seeds in a solution of POC NASA and warm water (2cc / l) for 30 minutes. d. Peram for 12 hours. Every seed that germinated was transferred to polybags as deep as 0.5 to 1 cm. e. Covered with clear plastic polybags and seedlings watered twice a day. f. NASA POC Spray (2cc / l water) on 7 HSS. g. After the age of 12 days or 3-4 leaf blade, seed moved into the garden. 3.2. Media Processing Plant a. Clean the area of weeds, grass, trees that are not needed. b. Give a calcite / dolomite (soil pH <6> 3.3. Planting - Flush with water seedlings in polybags - Remove the seeds with the medium of polybags. - Plant the seeds in the planting hole and compact enough soil around the stem.
3.4. Plant Maintenance - Plants that are damaged or die immediately revoked and embroidered with a good crop. - Remove weeds (could be with the time of fertilization). - Place marker at 5 DAT (days after planting) for merambatkan plants. - Leaves that are too dense to be cut, performed 3 weeks after planting in the morning or late afternoon. - Irrigation and Watering routinely performed every morning and evening with the way in flush or inundate the land for 15-30 minutes. -Furthermore, irrigation is only performed if necessary and intensified again during the flowering and fruiting.
3.5. Fertilizing:
II. GROWTH CONDITIONS 2.1. Climate Adaptation of cucumbers in a variety of climate is quite high, but optimum growth in dry climates. Simply get sunlight, temperature (21.1 to 26.7) ° C and not much rain. Optimum altitude of 1000-1200 masl.
2.2. Growing Media Loose soil, many containing humus, good water system, easy to soak the soil water, soil pH of 6-7.
III. TECHNICAL GUIDELINES FOR RAISING 3.1. Nurseries a. Natural GLIO Prepare and mix with manure cooked, let stand 1 week. b. Prepare a fine ground and pile can be replaced SUPERNASA / POC NASA that has been mixed Natural GLIO (soil: pile = 7:3) and enter the polybag. c. Soak the seeds in a solution of POC NASA and warm water (2cc / l) for 30 minutes. d. Peram for 12 hours. Every seed that germinated was transferred to polybags as deep as 0.5 to 1 cm. e. Covered with clear plastic polybags and seedlings watered twice a day. f. NASA POC Spray (2cc / l water) on 7 HSS. g. After the age of 12 days or 3-4 leaf blade, seed moved into the garden. 3.2. Media Processing Plant a. Clean the area of weeds, grass, trees that are not needed. b. Give a calcite / dolomite (soil pH <6> 3.3. Planting - Flush with water seedlings in polybags - Remove the seeds with the medium of polybags. - Plant the seeds in the planting hole and compact enough soil around the stem.
3.4. Plant Maintenance - Plants that are damaged or die immediately revoked and embroidered with a good crop. - Remove weeds (could be with the time of fertilization). - Place marker at 5 DAT (days after planting) for merambatkan plants. - Leaves that are too dense to be cut, performed 3 weeks after planting in the morning or late afternoon. - Irrigation and Watering routinely performed every morning and evening with the way in flush or inundate the land for 15-30 minutes. -Furthermore, irrigation is only performed if necessary and intensified again during the flowering and fruiting.
3.5. Fertilizing:
Left | fertilizer (kg) | |||
TSP | Urea | KCL | Pukan | |
Basic fertilizer | 150 | 150 | 150 | 20.000 |
3-5 days after planting | 100 | 150 | 100 | |
10 days after planting | 250 | 300 | 100 | |
after flowering | 250 | 250 | ||
| after the first harvest | 100 | 100 | ||
POC NASA + Hormonik (From age 2-10 weeks) | Sprayed onto leaves :
| |||
3.6. Pests and Diseases 3.6.1. Pest a. Oteng-Oteng or Flea Kuya (Aulocophora similis Oliver). Leaf beetle measuring 1 cm with plain yellow wings. Symptoms: destroy and devour the flesh of the leaves so that leaves a hole; in severe attacks, leaves live bones. Control: Natural BVR or PESTONA.
b. Silkworm Land (Agrotis ipsilon) This caterpillar is black and attacked the plant, especially the young. Symptoms: Stem plants roots cut around the neck.
c. Fruit fly (Dacus cucurbitae Coq.) 1-2 mm-sized adult flies. Flies attacked young cucumbers to spawn, Symptoms: eat meat and fruit so that the abnormal fruit rot. Control: Natural METILAT.
d. Aphids (Aphis gossypii Clover) Flea-sized 1-2 mm, yellow or reddish yellow or dark green to black. Symptoms: attack the shoots of plants so the leaves shriveled, kerititing and roll. Fleas also spread the virus. Control: Natural BVR or PESTONA
3.6.2. Disease a. Blight (Downy mildew) Cause: Pseudoperonospora cubensis Berk et Curt. Infects the skin of leaves at high humidity, temperature 16-22 ° C and dewy or foggy. Symptoms: yellow stained and moldy leaves, leaf color will be brown and rotten. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.
b. Wheat diseases (powdery mildew) Cause: Erysiphe cichoracearum. Develop if the dry soil in the dry season with high kelemban. Symptoms: leaf surfaces and young stems covered with white powder, later changed to yellow and dry. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.
c. Antraknose Cause: The fungus Colletotrichum lagenarium Pass. Symptoms: brown spots on leaves. Shape rounded or angled slightly pock-angle and causes the leaves die spotting symptoms may spread to stems, stalks and fruit. When the moist air, amid patches formed pink spore masses. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.
d. Angular leaf spot Cause: Pseudomonas lachrymans fungi. Spread during the rainy season. Symptoms: small stained yellow leaves and angled; in severe attacks the entire leaf turned brown stained gray, dry and hollow. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.
e. Virus Cause: Cucumber Mosaic Virus, CMV, Potato mosaic virus, PVM; Tobacco Etch Virus, TEV; otato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV); Insect vectors are aphids Myzus persicae and Aphis gossypii glov Sulz. Symptoms: The leaves turn dark green stripes and light green, wrinkled leaves, leaf edges curl, stunted plants. Control: to control the insect vector with Natural BVR or PESTONA, reducing mechanical damage, uprooting crops and rotation with pain rather than Cucurbitaceae family.
f. Scabies (Scab) Cause: The fungus Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell.et Arth. Occurs in young cucumber. Symptoms: no wet spots that emit cairam which if dried would be like rubber; when attacking an old fruit, formed a bergabus scabies. Control: The Natural GLIO before planting.
g. Rotten fruit Cause: The fungus (1) Phytium aphinadermatum (Edson) Fizt., (2) Phytopthora sp., Fusarium sp., (3) Rhizophus sp., (4) Erwinia carotovora pv. Carotovora. Infection occurs in the garden or in storage. Symptoms: (1) Phytium aphinadermatum: wet and rotten fruit when pressed, the fruit broken, (2) Phytopthora: a little wet spot that will become soft and brown and wrinkled; (3) Rhizophus: somewhat besah spots, skin fungi grown soft fruit , fragile fruits, (4) Erwinia carotovora: fruit rot, destroyed and stinking. Control: to avoid mechanical injury, post-harvest handling carefully, storing in a clean container with a temperature between 5-7 degrees C. And the provision of Natural GLIO before planting.
3.7. Harvest 3.7.1. Characteristics and Harvest Time Local young cucumber fruit to vegetables, pickles or pickle generally quoted 2-3 months after planting, hybrid cucumbers harvested 42 days after planting cucumber Suri harvested after being cooked.
3.7.2. How to Harvest The fruit is harvested in the morning before 9:00 by cutting the fruit stalk with a sharp knife.
3.7.3.Periode Harvest Cucumber Vegetable harvested 50-10 days depending on the variety and size / age of the desired fruit.
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