Tomato Cultivation
Description Tomatoes are an important horticultural commodities, but they produce a good quantity and quality is still low. This is due, among others, hard ground, poor micro-nutrients and hormones, are not balanced fertilization, pest and disease attack, the influence of weather and climate, and farmers' cultivation technical PT. Natural Nusantara attempt to help farmers in increasing production quantity and quality while maintaining environmental sustainability (Aspects of K-3), so that farmers can compete in the era of free trade.
A. PHASE PRE-PLANTING 1. Growing Conditions> - Tomatoes can be grown in lowland / highland - Soil is loose, porous and fertile, a little clay containing sand and a pH between 5-6 - Rainfall 750-1250 mm / year, high rainfall may inhibit persarian. - High relative humidity around 25% will stimulate the growth of young plants because of CO2 assimilation for the better through the stomata are open more, but will also stimulate these microorganisms and plant pests harmful to plants
2. Planting Pattern - Plants that are recommended are corn, rice, sorghum, cabbage and beans - It is recommended that planting or crop intercropping system is interrupted to give the state a less preferred by the organism's body bullies
3. Land Preparation - Select friable and fertile land not previously planted with tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, tobacco and potatoes. - To reduce genangilah soil nematodes in the soil with water for two weeks - When the low pH give dolomite lime kg/1000 150 m2 and dispersed and mixed well at the age of 2-3 weeks before planting - Make a bed width of 120-160 cm for a double row and 40-50 cm for a single row - Make a trench as wide as 20-30 cm between the beds with a depth of 30 cm for water disposal. - Provide basic fertilizer 4 kg Urea / ZA + 7.5 kg TSP + 4 kg of KCl per 1000 m2 above the beds, and smooth with a soil mix - Or if you use NPK Compound Fertilizer (15-15-15) dose ± 20 kg / 1000 m2 mixed with soil on top of flat beds. - Pour the NASA POC fertilizer has been mixed water evenly over the seedbed botol/1000 dose of 1-2 m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER NASA (dose ± 1-2 botol/1000 m2) by: - Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds. - Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 l was given a spoon to eat SUPER pressed NASA to flush + 10 meters beds - Spread the Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets which have been mixed manure (+ 1 week) evenly over the beds in the afternoon - If you use plastic mulch, cover the beds in the daytime - Allow for 5-7 days before planting - Make the planting hole with a distance of 60 x 80 cm or 60 x 50 cm above the beds, 7-8 cm diameter 15 cm deep
4. Selection of Seedlings - Select resistant varieties and types Hybryda (F1 Hybryd) - Seed leaf leaf blade 5-6 (25-30 HSS = days after seeding) to move into field - For reducing stress growth need watering once early in the afternoon the day before planting or in the morning (for moisture)
B. PHASE seedbed (0-30 HSS) - Prepare the planting medium is a mixture of soil and manure 25-30 kg + Natural GLIO (1:1) - Enter in plastic polybags or banana or coconut leaves contongan - Sebarlah seed evenly or enter one by one in polybags - Once the seeds 8-10 days old, select good seeds, strong and healthy move in banana leaves or dikepeli bumbunan containing a mixture of growth media - Watering is done every day (see the condition of the soil) - Spraying NASA POC at the age of 10 and 17 days with a dose of 2 cap / tank
C. PLANTING PHASE (0-15 DAT = Days After Planting) - Beds watered the previous day (dilep) formerly - Seedlings ready to plant age 3-4 weeks, 5-6 leaved - Planting afternoon - Open plastic polybags - Immerse seeds in shallow at the base of the trunk line and backfilled with soil surrounding - Finish planting immediately doused with NASA POC with a dose of 2-3 cap per + 15 liters of water - Sulam plants die until the age of 2 weeks, how the plants are dead, damaged, faded or abnormal growth is removed, then created a new planting hole, cleaned and then the seeds planted Natural GLIO - Watering is done every day until the tomatoes grow normally (Java: lilir), be careful not to excessively because the plants can grow to length, is unable to absorb nutrients and susceptible to disease - Observe and soil pests such as armyworm caterpillars. If there is a spray attack with Natural VITURA - Observe diseases such as Fusarium wilt disease or bacterial blight, control by spraying Natural GLIO granulated sugar mixed with 1:1 ratio. For virus diseases, vector control such as thrips, flea kebul (Bemissia tabaci), sissy (Aphis sp.), Flea peach (Myzus sp.) And mites (Tetranichus sp.) By spraying Natural BVR or alternately PESTONA - Install the stake as early as possible so the roots are not damaged stake impaled with a distance of 10-20 cm from the stem of tomato
D. Vegetative phase (15-30 DAP) - If no mulch, weeding and pembubunan at 28 DAT simultaneously penggemburan and aftershocks followed pengguludan fertilizer plant - After about 1 week of living plants since planting, given Urea and KCl with a ratio of 1:1 for each plant (1-2 grams), give it around the plants at a distance of ± 3 cm from the stem of tomato plant is then covered with soil and water flush - Fertilization both conducted age 2-3 weeks after planting a mixture of urea and KCl (± 5 g), provided around the stem of the plant as far as ± 5 cm and depth of ± 1 cm and then covered the soil and flush with water. - When the age of 4 weeks has not been fertile plants still seem to be cultivated again Urea and KCl (7 grams). Fertilization distance from the stem is made the more distant (± 7 cm). - If you use mulch does not need weeding and fertilizer pembubunan and aftershocks are given by way dikocorkan - Watering performed in the morning or afternoon - Observe pests and diseases such as caterpillars, flea-alliance, wilt and viral diseases, in case of attack control as in the cropping phase - Spray NASA POC (4-5 cap) per tank or NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) every 7 days. - Plants that have reached a height of 10-15 cm should be tied to the stake and every increase height + 20 cm should be tied again for tomato stems standing erect. - Binding not too closely with the model number 8, so there is no friction between the rod with a marker that can cause injury.
E. Generative phase (30-80 DAT) 1. Crop Management - If no weeding and mulching second pembubunan done 45-50 days of age - To stimulate flowering at the age of 32 HST do perempelan unproductive shoots once every 5-7 days, so stay 1-3 primary branches / plant - Perempelan better morning for scars rempelan dry quickly in a way; bud tip is held with clean hands and moved from side to side until bud break. Tunas are already a large branches should be cut with a knife or scissors, while the height is limited perempelan plants have to be careful for the last bud not participate dirempel so that the plant is not too short - Height of plants can be limited by cutting edge when the number of plants reaching 5-7 pieces of fruit dompolan - Spray POC NASA and HORMONIK once every 7-10 days with a dose of 3-4 and 1-2 NASA POC lid closed HORMONIK / tank. - In order not easily lost by rain water and add the adhesive evenly Straighten AERO 810 with a dose of 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
2. Observations Pests and Diseases - Silkworm fruit (Helicoperva armigera and Heliothis sp.). Symptoms of potholes and dirt piling up fruit in the fruit that was attacked. Perform collection and destruction of infected tomato fruit, spray with PESTONA - Fruit flies (Brachtocera or Dacus sp.). Symptoms of esophageal fungal fruit rot and fruit when cut will look white larvae. - - Agravator nature, ie as a vector of disease fungi, bacteria and Drosophilla sp. Collect and burn infected fruit, use a male fruit fly trap (can be mixed with insecticide) - Rot leaves (Phytopthora infestans), leaf and fruit spot (Alternaria solani) and antraknose fruit rot (Colletotrichum coccodes). If there is a spray attack with Natural GLIO - If a pest control using natural pesticides (PESTONA, GLIO, VITURA) can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank. - Rot end of the fruit. The tip of the fruit looks dark circles and rotten. This deficiency symptoms of Ca (Calcium). Give Dolomite.
F. HARVEST PHASE & POST HARVEST (80-130 DAT) - Harvest at the age of 90-100 days after planting with the trait; fruit skin color changed from green to yellowish, the edges of older leaves to dry, yellow stem, in the morning or late afternoon when the weather sunny. Twisted fruit until the fruit stalk interruption. Pemuntiran fruit made one by one and choose fruit that is ready to pick. Enter the basket and place it in the shade - 2-3 days picking interval. - To be durable, not quickly decay and not easy bruising, fruit that will be consumed fresh tomatoes harvested half-ripe - The container is good for the transport crates with slotted boards and do not slam - Beware of fruit rot disease Antraknose, collect and destroy - The tomatoes that have been picked, cleaned, sorted and then transported in packing ready for consumption.
2. Planting Pattern - Plants that are recommended are corn, rice, sorghum, cabbage and beans - It is recommended that planting or crop intercropping system is interrupted to give the state a less preferred by the organism's body bullies
3. Land Preparation - Select friable and fertile land not previously planted with tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, tobacco and potatoes. - To reduce genangilah soil nematodes in the soil with water for two weeks - When the low pH give dolomite lime kg/1000 150 m2 and dispersed and mixed well at the age of 2-3 weeks before planting - Make a bed width of 120-160 cm for a double row and 40-50 cm for a single row - Make a trench as wide as 20-30 cm between the beds with a depth of 30 cm for water disposal. - Provide basic fertilizer 4 kg Urea / ZA + 7.5 kg TSP + 4 kg of KCl per 1000 m2 above the beds, and smooth with a soil mix - Or if you use NPK Compound Fertilizer (15-15-15) dose ± 20 kg / 1000 m2 mixed with soil on top of flat beds. - Pour the NASA POC fertilizer has been mixed water evenly over the seedbed botol/1000 dose of 1-2 m2. The result will be better if replaced SUPER NASA (dose ± 1-2 botol/1000 m2) by: - Alternative 1: 1 bottle SUPER NASA diluted in 3 liters of water used as mother liquor. Then every 50 liters of water were given 200 cc of mother liquor had to flush the beds. - Alternative 2: every 1 gembor volume of 10 l was given a spoon to eat SUPER pressed NASA to flush + 10 meters beds - Spread the Natural GLIO 1-2 sachets which have been mixed manure (+ 1 week) evenly over the beds in the afternoon - If you use plastic mulch, cover the beds in the daytime - Allow for 5-7 days before planting - Make the planting hole with a distance of 60 x 80 cm or 60 x 50 cm above the beds, 7-8 cm diameter 15 cm deep
4. Selection of Seedlings - Select resistant varieties and types Hybryda (F1 Hybryd) - Seed leaf leaf blade 5-6 (25-30 HSS = days after seeding) to move into field - For reducing stress growth need watering once early in the afternoon the day before planting or in the morning (for moisture)
B. PHASE seedbed (0-30 HSS) - Prepare the planting medium is a mixture of soil and manure 25-30 kg + Natural GLIO (1:1) - Enter in plastic polybags or banana or coconut leaves contongan - Sebarlah seed evenly or enter one by one in polybags - Once the seeds 8-10 days old, select good seeds, strong and healthy move in banana leaves or dikepeli bumbunan containing a mixture of growth media - Watering is done every day (see the condition of the soil) - Spraying NASA POC at the age of 10 and 17 days with a dose of 2 cap / tank
C. PLANTING PHASE (0-15 DAT = Days After Planting) - Beds watered the previous day (dilep) formerly - Seedlings ready to plant age 3-4 weeks, 5-6 leaved - Planting afternoon - Open plastic polybags - Immerse seeds in shallow at the base of the trunk line and backfilled with soil surrounding - Finish planting immediately doused with NASA POC with a dose of 2-3 cap per + 15 liters of water - Sulam plants die until the age of 2 weeks, how the plants are dead, damaged, faded or abnormal growth is removed, then created a new planting hole, cleaned and then the seeds planted Natural GLIO - Watering is done every day until the tomatoes grow normally (Java: lilir), be careful not to excessively because the plants can grow to length, is unable to absorb nutrients and susceptible to disease - Observe and soil pests such as armyworm caterpillars. If there is a spray attack with Natural VITURA - Observe diseases such as Fusarium wilt disease or bacterial blight, control by spraying Natural GLIO granulated sugar mixed with 1:1 ratio. For virus diseases, vector control such as thrips, flea kebul (Bemissia tabaci), sissy (Aphis sp.), Flea peach (Myzus sp.) And mites (Tetranichus sp.) By spraying Natural BVR or alternately PESTONA - Install the stake as early as possible so the roots are not damaged stake impaled with a distance of 10-20 cm from the stem of tomato
D. Vegetative phase (15-30 DAP) - If no mulch, weeding and pembubunan at 28 DAT simultaneously penggemburan and aftershocks followed pengguludan fertilizer plant - After about 1 week of living plants since planting, given Urea and KCl with a ratio of 1:1 for each plant (1-2 grams), give it around the plants at a distance of ± 3 cm from the stem of tomato plant is then covered with soil and water flush - Fertilization both conducted age 2-3 weeks after planting a mixture of urea and KCl (± 5 g), provided around the stem of the plant as far as ± 5 cm and depth of ± 1 cm and then covered the soil and flush with water. - When the age of 4 weeks has not been fertile plants still seem to be cultivated again Urea and KCl (7 grams). Fertilization distance from the stem is made the more distant (± 7 cm). - If you use mulch does not need weeding and fertilizer pembubunan and aftershocks are given by way dikocorkan - Watering performed in the morning or afternoon - Observe pests and diseases such as caterpillars, flea-alliance, wilt and viral diseases, in case of attack control as in the cropping phase - Spray NASA POC (4-5 cap) per tank or NASA POC (3-4 cap) + HORMONIK (1 cap) every 7 days. - Plants that have reached a height of 10-15 cm should be tied to the stake and every increase height + 20 cm should be tied again for tomato stems standing erect. - Binding not too closely with the model number 8, so there is no friction between the rod with a marker that can cause injury.
E. Generative phase (30-80 DAT) 1. Crop Management - If no weeding and mulching second pembubunan done 45-50 days of age - To stimulate flowering at the age of 32 HST do perempelan unproductive shoots once every 5-7 days, so stay 1-3 primary branches / plant - Perempelan better morning for scars rempelan dry quickly in a way; bud tip is held with clean hands and moved from side to side until bud break. Tunas are already a large branches should be cut with a knife or scissors, while the height is limited perempelan plants have to be careful for the last bud not participate dirempel so that the plant is not too short - Height of plants can be limited by cutting edge when the number of plants reaching 5-7 pieces of fruit dompolan - Spray POC NASA and HORMONIK once every 7-10 days with a dose of 3-4 and 1-2 NASA POC lid closed HORMONIK / tank. - In order not easily lost by rain water and add the adhesive evenly Straighten AERO 810 with a dose of 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank.
2. Observations Pests and Diseases - Silkworm fruit (Helicoperva armigera and Heliothis sp.). Symptoms of potholes and dirt piling up fruit in the fruit that was attacked. Perform collection and destruction of infected tomato fruit, spray with PESTONA - Fruit flies (Brachtocera or Dacus sp.). Symptoms of esophageal fungal fruit rot and fruit when cut will look white larvae. - - Agravator nature, ie as a vector of disease fungi, bacteria and Drosophilla sp. Collect and burn infected fruit, use a male fruit fly trap (can be mixed with insecticide) - Rot leaves (Phytopthora infestans), leaf and fruit spot (Alternaria solani) and antraknose fruit rot (Colletotrichum coccodes). If there is a spray attack with Natural GLIO - If a pest control using natural pesticides (PESTONA, GLIO, VITURA) can not cope with the recommended use of chemical pesticides. To be more evenly spraying of chemical pesticides and are not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank. - Rot end of the fruit. The tip of the fruit looks dark circles and rotten. This deficiency symptoms of Ca (Calcium). Give Dolomite.
F. HARVEST PHASE & POST HARVEST (80-130 DAT) - Harvest at the age of 90-100 days after planting with the trait; fruit skin color changed from green to yellowish, the edges of older leaves to dry, yellow stem, in the morning or late afternoon when the weather sunny. Twisted fruit until the fruit stalk interruption. Pemuntiran fruit made one by one and choose fruit that is ready to pick. Enter the basket and place it in the shade - 2-3 days picking interval. - To be durable, not quickly decay and not easy bruising, fruit that will be consumed fresh tomatoes harvested half-ripe - The container is good for the transport crates with slotted boards and do not slam - Beware of fruit rot disease Antraknose, collect and destroy - The tomatoes that have been picked, cleaned, sorted and then transported in packing ready for consumption.
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