Thursday, June 2, 2011

Mango Farming

INTRODUCTIONMango production currently unable to meet the market demand, especially overseas markets. This inability is not only due to low productivity but also quality is still lacking. This condition is caused by the application of cultivation technology that has not been optimal.Noting that the PT. NUSANTARA NATURAL help increase production in quantity, quality and sustainability (Aspects of K-3). so that farmers can compete in the free market era.AgroecologyMango plants grow well at an altitude of 50-300 m above sea level on a thick layer of soil and soil crumb structure and grainy.VARIETYVarieties of high value such as 21 or Arumanis Gadung 143. Other varieties are Manalagi 69, Lalijiwo, Chokanan and Marionette 31.LAND PREPARATIONPlanting hole was made 1-2 months before planting, size 1 mx 1m x 1 m and spacing of 6 mx 8 m. Two weeks before the planting, the soil excavation is inserted back into the planting hole with manure mixed with a ratio of 1: 1. It would be optimal flush SUPERNASA (0.5 tablespoons / + 5 lt of water / tree).PLANTINGPlanting at the beginning of the rainy season. Before seeds are planted plastic bags removed. The depth of planting + 15-20 cm above the neck of roots and soil around the plant is pressed to the plant so as not to collapse. Plants given the auspices of the oblique position to the west and then reduced gradually.FertilizationManure ~ (PK) is given 1 time at the beginning of the rainy season. The way around submerged plant canopy width of tree or dig a hole on the side of the plant. Mango aged 1-5 years were given 30 kg of CP, aged 6-15 years were given 60 kg PK. It would be optimal if added ~ ~ SUPERNASA or if manure is difficult to use SUPERNASA with dose:- Alternative 1: 0.5 tablespoon / 5 lt of water per plant.- Alternative 2: 1 bottle SUPER NASA dilute in 2 liters (2000 ml) of water make the mother liquor. Then for every 1 liter of water was given 20 ml of mother liquor was to flush per tree.~ Giving SUPERNASA can then be given every 3-4 months.~ Spraying NASA POC (4-5 ttp / tank) or a more optimal NASA POC (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank every 1-3 months.NPK ~ 2 times a year at the beginning (November - December), late rainy season (April-May) following doses:
Umur (th) PK
(kg)
Dosis Pupuk Makro (KG/Pohon)
ZA TSP KCl
1 – 3 20 – 30 0.5 – 1 0.25-0.5 0.25-0.5
4 - 6 30 – 40 1 – 2 0.5 – 1 0.5 – 1
7 – 10 50 – 60 2 – 3 1 – 1.5 1 – 1.5
> 10 50 – 60 3 – 4 1.5 – 2 1.5 – 2

PruningSnip Shape (3 stages):Phase I: the age of 1 year after planting in the rainy season by cutting the stem as high as 50-60 cm from soil surface and cut in the top field of the connection. From the branches that grow maintained 3 branches that spread direction.Phase II: The pruning is done in all three branches that grow after the age of 2 years, do I leave a 1-2 sections / dashed. Shoots that grow on each branch maintained three buds. If more discarded. Stages will be obtained by pruning tree branches with the formula 1-3 - 9.Phase III: 3 years, the same way as stage II, but the shoots that grow maintained all production.TRIM PRODUCTIONThis pruning is to maintain the plant by cutting off dead branches / dry, branches that grow inward and downward and branch water is a young branch which will not bear fruit. Trimming production carried out immediately after harvest.PENDANGIRANDone 2 times a year at the beginning and end of the rainy season, by inverting the soil (pembumbunan) around the glass plant pathogens for which there is in the ground dead.Mulching (mulch)Mulching at the end of the rainy season, using the straw / the remnants of the former prunings / crop interrupted.WEED CONTROLWeed control carried out at least 3 times a year.FLOWER INDUCTIONTo encourage flowering, use SUPER NASA Solid Organic Fertilizer with a dose of 1-2 tablespoons / tree mixed with 10 liters of water poured evenly under the canopy of trees after the second dashed (February-March) and sprayed NASA POC (3-4 ttp / tank) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank.MANAGEMENT OF FLOWER AND FRUITManagement of flower and fruit do 4 times, at the time of bud break, bud elongation, mango size (green beans) and marble size (corn). Fertilizer used:1. Monokalsium phosphate (MKP) was given before the advent of new shoots or bud break and at the time of bud break or bud elongation (dose of 2.5 g / liter).2. NASA POC given at bud break, bud elongation, (dose 4-5 cap / tank).3. NASA POC (3-4 ttp) + HORMONIK (1 ttp) per tank provided at the time of mango size and marble size.PEST AND DISEASEa. Tip borer, Clumetia transversaThis caterpillar menggerek young shoots (flush) and flower panicles with drilled / menggerek shoots or panicles headed downward. Tassel flower buds or leaves wither, dry and damaged as a result of nutrient transport stops and then die. Control; branch cut and then burned infected shoots, pendangiran to kill the pupa, spraying with PESTONA.b. Thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis)This pest is often called red-striped thrips because on the first abdominal segment there is a red line. This pest attacks the young leaves than flowers also with piercing and sucking the fluid from the epidermis of leaves and fruit. Place puncture can be a source of disease. The leaves look like fire, and menggelinting brown color. If interest diketok-word of the hands and placed underneath the base with a white paper will look a lot thrips that fell. Control: developing young shoots cut and then burned, caught by yellow traps, regular pruning, spraying with BVR or PESTONAc. Silkworm Phylotroctis sp.Slightly brown color (different from the Clumetia sp. That it's green) often menggerek flower panicle base of candidates. Eggs Phyloctroctis sp. hatched and young adults to attack the fruit stalk (nipple). Young fruit fall because absisi layer on the fruit stalk black pus. Active at night. Control by PESTONA.d. Seed borer, Noorda albizonalisThese pests menggerek fruit at the end or middle of the dirt and generally leave scars and often cause fruit split. Silkworm is a direct consequence menggerek fruit seeds fruit rot and fall. In contrast to the menggerek Black fruit borer at the base of the fruit. The hole can gerekan as a source of disease. Control: fruit packaging, fruit infected collect and burned, spray with PESTONA.
e. Mango planthopper (Idiocerus sp.)The attack occurred during panicle elongation flower bud stage. Nymph and adult planthopper attack simultaneously with the flowers sucking fluids, so dry, pollination and fruit formation interrupted and then die. Severe attacks occur when a hot, damp weather supported. These pests can invite growth and development of sooty mildew diseases (sooty mold) with honey dew out of the hopper which can cause phytotoxic on shoots, leaves and flowers. Control: fumigation, spraying BVR / PESTONA before the flowers bloom / in the afternoon.
f. Fruit Flies (Bractocera dorsalis)Fruit is attacked first black dots appear, at around the point to yellow, rotten fruit and larval development occurred. Agravator nature of possible secondary pests (Drosophilla sp.), Fungi and bacteria. Control: fruit packaging, fruit fly trapping.
g. Antraknose disease (Colletotrichum sp.)Black spots occur on flush, leaf, panicle and fruit. The attacks escalated if too moist, lots of clouds, rain during flowering time and night time a lot of dew arise. When the flowers fell ill then the whole crop will fail because the flowers into fall. Control: pruning, planting should not be too tight, the infected plants were collected and burned.
h. Recife disease, Diplodia recifensisThis disease is also called Blendok, vectors of this disease is a beetle Xyleborus affinis. These beetles make tunnels in the stems / branches and the fungus Diplodia then go into the tunnel. Outside the beetles will be out blendok menggerek (sap). Mango diseases such as sooty mildew (fungus Meliola mangiferae), rash / scab (Elsinoe mangiferae), red rust spots (algae Cephaleuros sp.)
Note: If the Control of pests and diseases with natural pesticides has not been overcome, chemical pesticides can be used as directed. For spraying is more evenly distributed and not easily lost by rainwater add Adhesives Straighten AERO 810 + 5 ml dose (0.5 cap) per tank. Spraying herbicides (for weeds) to be more effective and efficient in the mixed adhesive to Straighten AERO 810, dose + 5 ml (1 / 2 cap) / tank
HARVEST AND POST HARVESTHarvest is done by age + 97 days after anthesis, fruit powder, and the hours of 9:00 to 16:00 pm and by leaving the fruit stalk of about 0.5 to 1 cm.

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